Reconstruction of biogenic flux changes in the Equatorial Pacific over a glacial/interglacial cycle

Includes bibliographical references (pages [99]-109). Several studies have indicated that variation in dissolved silica and iron could potentially alter the orgC/CaCO₃ rain ratio in particles sinking from the surface to the deep ocean and alter the atmospheric pCO₂ over the span of a glacial/intergl...

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Main Author: Richaud, Mathieu
Other Authors: Loubere, Paul, Department of Geology and Environmental Geosciences
Format: Thesis
Language:English
Published: Northern Illinois University 2006
Subjects:
Online Access:https://commons.lib.niu.edu/handle/10843/23829
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spelling ftnorthillinuni:oai:commons.lib.niu.edu:10843/23829 2023-05-15T13:37:34+02:00 Reconstruction of biogenic flux changes in the Equatorial Pacific over a glacial/interglacial cycle Richaud, Mathieu Loubere, Paul Department of Geology and Environmental Geosciences 2006 xiv, 109 pages (some color pages), color pages maps (some color pages) application/pdf https://commons.lib.niu.edu/handle/10843/23829 eng eng Northern Illinois University https://commons.lib.niu.edu/handle/10843/23829 NIU theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from Huskie Commons for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without the written permission of the authors. Water chemistry--Antarctic Ocean Water chemistry--Pacific Ocean Paleoceanography--Pacific Ocean--Holocene Text Dissertation/Thesis 2006 ftnorthillinuni 2021-08-07T22:31:22Z Includes bibliographical references (pages [99]-109). Several studies have indicated that variation in dissolved silica and iron could potentially alter the orgC/CaCO₃ rain ratio in particles sinking from the surface to the deep ocean and alter the atmospheric pCO₂ over the span of a glacial/interglacial cycle. To test that hypothesis, several marine cores were analyzed in the light of potential changes in water chemistry carried from the subantarctic to the equatorial Pacific and the subsequent possible biological responses at low latitudes. Three studies were undertaken. In the first, a direct relationship was found between the water chemistry of the high- and low-latitudes in the Pacific. Changes in the high latitudes are carried northward from the subantartic by intermediate waters in to the Equatorial Undercurrent and appear in the eastern equatorial Pacific. In this part of the Pacific basin, there is a clear increase in the rain ratio, concomittant with a likely displacement of the calcite-based planktonic fauna by the silica-based fauna. The second set of results show the role of the thermocline as a carrier of both temperature and nutrient content changes from the Subantartic zone to the eastern equatorial Pacific during the Holocene onset of the El Niño/ENSO phenomena. Results indicate that the development of ENSO was sensitive to subsurface conditions and driven by extra tropical processes. The third set of results deals with marine biogenic fluxes, the mechanism by which the biotic pump transfers carbon from the atmosphere and upper ocean in to the deep-sea reservoir through variations in the ratio of organic carbon to calcite production. Many factors can influence the reconstruction of changes in the rain ratio (i.e., positive or negative trends). Among the most important is the accuracy of the method used to calculate the accumulation of sediments at the seafloor. We examined the influence of chronostratigraphy on two independent methods for calculating mass accumulation rates: traditional sedimentation rate-based estimates versus those based on ²³⁰Th normalization. They have given opposite results for the past 30 calendar years in the tropical Pacific. The chronology has been revised after a systematic error was found in previous dating of the glacial to deglacial time interval in the equatorial Pacific. Applying our new chronology to the two approaches on the same set of open ocean cores shows some convergence, although the magnitude of accumulation rates still remains different. Ph.D. (Doctor of Philosophy) Thesis Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Ocean Northern Illinois University (NIU): Huskie Commons Repository Antarctic Antarctic Ocean Pacific
institution Open Polar
collection Northern Illinois University (NIU): Huskie Commons Repository
op_collection_id ftnorthillinuni
language English
topic Water chemistry--Antarctic Ocean
Water chemistry--Pacific Ocean
Paleoceanography--Pacific Ocean--Holocene
spellingShingle Water chemistry--Antarctic Ocean
Water chemistry--Pacific Ocean
Paleoceanography--Pacific Ocean--Holocene
Richaud, Mathieu
Reconstruction of biogenic flux changes in the Equatorial Pacific over a glacial/interglacial cycle
topic_facet Water chemistry--Antarctic Ocean
Water chemistry--Pacific Ocean
Paleoceanography--Pacific Ocean--Holocene
description Includes bibliographical references (pages [99]-109). Several studies have indicated that variation in dissolved silica and iron could potentially alter the orgC/CaCO₃ rain ratio in particles sinking from the surface to the deep ocean and alter the atmospheric pCO₂ over the span of a glacial/interglacial cycle. To test that hypothesis, several marine cores were analyzed in the light of potential changes in water chemistry carried from the subantarctic to the equatorial Pacific and the subsequent possible biological responses at low latitudes. Three studies were undertaken. In the first, a direct relationship was found between the water chemistry of the high- and low-latitudes in the Pacific. Changes in the high latitudes are carried northward from the subantartic by intermediate waters in to the Equatorial Undercurrent and appear in the eastern equatorial Pacific. In this part of the Pacific basin, there is a clear increase in the rain ratio, concomittant with a likely displacement of the calcite-based planktonic fauna by the silica-based fauna. The second set of results show the role of the thermocline as a carrier of both temperature and nutrient content changes from the Subantartic zone to the eastern equatorial Pacific during the Holocene onset of the El Niño/ENSO phenomena. Results indicate that the development of ENSO was sensitive to subsurface conditions and driven by extra tropical processes. The third set of results deals with marine biogenic fluxes, the mechanism by which the biotic pump transfers carbon from the atmosphere and upper ocean in to the deep-sea reservoir through variations in the ratio of organic carbon to calcite production. Many factors can influence the reconstruction of changes in the rain ratio (i.e., positive or negative trends). Among the most important is the accuracy of the method used to calculate the accumulation of sediments at the seafloor. We examined the influence of chronostratigraphy on two independent methods for calculating mass accumulation rates: traditional sedimentation rate-based estimates versus those based on ²³⁰Th normalization. They have given opposite results for the past 30 calendar years in the tropical Pacific. The chronology has been revised after a systematic error was found in previous dating of the glacial to deglacial time interval in the equatorial Pacific. Applying our new chronology to the two approaches on the same set of open ocean cores shows some convergence, although the magnitude of accumulation rates still remains different. Ph.D. (Doctor of Philosophy)
author2 Loubere, Paul
Department of Geology and Environmental Geosciences
format Thesis
author Richaud, Mathieu
author_facet Richaud, Mathieu
author_sort Richaud, Mathieu
title Reconstruction of biogenic flux changes in the Equatorial Pacific over a glacial/interglacial cycle
title_short Reconstruction of biogenic flux changes in the Equatorial Pacific over a glacial/interglacial cycle
title_full Reconstruction of biogenic flux changes in the Equatorial Pacific over a glacial/interglacial cycle
title_fullStr Reconstruction of biogenic flux changes in the Equatorial Pacific over a glacial/interglacial cycle
title_full_unstemmed Reconstruction of biogenic flux changes in the Equatorial Pacific over a glacial/interglacial cycle
title_sort reconstruction of biogenic flux changes in the equatorial pacific over a glacial/interglacial cycle
publisher Northern Illinois University
publishDate 2006
url https://commons.lib.niu.edu/handle/10843/23829
geographic Antarctic
Antarctic Ocean
Pacific
geographic_facet Antarctic
Antarctic Ocean
Pacific
genre Antarc*
Antarctic
Antarctic Ocean
genre_facet Antarc*
Antarctic
Antarctic Ocean
op_relation https://commons.lib.niu.edu/handle/10843/23829
op_rights NIU theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from Huskie Commons for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without the written permission of the authors.
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