Climate warming feedback from mountain birch forest expansion: Reduced albedo dominates carbon uptake
Expanding high elevation and high latitude forest has contrasting climate feedbacks through carbon sequestration (cooling) and reduced surface reflectance (warming), which are yet poorly quantified. Here, we present an empirically-based projection of mountain birch forest expansion in south-central...
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ftnorskinstvf:oai:niva.brage.unit.no:11250/2566915 2023-05-15T18:40:36+02:00 Climate warming feedback from mountain birch forest expansion: Reduced albedo dominates carbon uptake de Wit, Heleen Bryn, Anders Hofgaard, Annika Karstensen, Jonas Kvalevåg, Maria Malene Peters, Glen Philip 2013 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2566915 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12483 eng eng Wiley Norges forskningsråd: 184681 Norges forskningsråd: 189977 Norges forskningsråd: 176065 Global Change Biology. 2013, 20 (7), 2344-2355. urn:issn:1354-1013 http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2566915 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12483 cristin:1111421 2344-2355 20 Global Change Biology 7 Journal article Peer reviewed 2013 ftnorskinstvf https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12483 2023-02-21T08:46:01Z Expanding high elevation and high latitude forest has contrasting climate feedbacks through carbon sequestration (cooling) and reduced surface reflectance (warming), which are yet poorly quantified. Here, we present an empirically-based projection of mountain birch forest expansion in south-central Norway under climate change and absence of land use. Climate effects of carbon sequestration and albedo change are compared using four emission metrics. Forest expansion was modeled for a projected 2.6 °C increase of summer temperature in 2100, with associated reduced snow cover. We find that the current (year 2000) forest line of the region is circa 100 m lower than its climatic potential due to land use history. In the future scenarios, forest cover increased from 12 to 27% between 2000 and 2100, resulting in a 59% increase in biomass carbon storage and an albedo change from 0.46 to 0.30. Forest expansion in 2100 was behind its climatic potential, forest migration rates being the primary limiting factor. In 2100, the warming caused by lower albedo from expanding forest was 10 to 17 times stronger than the cooling effect from carbon sequestration for all emission metrics considered. Reduced snow cover further exacerbated the net warming feedback. The warming effect is considerably stronger than previously reported for boreal forest cover, because of the typically low biomass density in mountain forests and the large changes in albedo of snow-covered tundra areas. The positive climate feedback of high latitude and high elevation expanding mountain forests with seasonal snow cover exceeds those of afforestation at lower elevation, and calls for further attention of both modelers and empiricists. The inclusion and upscaling of these climate feedbacks from mountain forests into global models is warranted to assess the potential global impacts. acceptedVersion Article in Journal/Newspaper Tundra Norwegian Institute for Water research: NIVA Open Access Archive (Brage) Norway Global Change Biology 20 7 2344 2355 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Norwegian Institute for Water research: NIVA Open Access Archive (Brage) |
op_collection_id |
ftnorskinstvf |
language |
English |
description |
Expanding high elevation and high latitude forest has contrasting climate feedbacks through carbon sequestration (cooling) and reduced surface reflectance (warming), which are yet poorly quantified. Here, we present an empirically-based projection of mountain birch forest expansion in south-central Norway under climate change and absence of land use. Climate effects of carbon sequestration and albedo change are compared using four emission metrics. Forest expansion was modeled for a projected 2.6 °C increase of summer temperature in 2100, with associated reduced snow cover. We find that the current (year 2000) forest line of the region is circa 100 m lower than its climatic potential due to land use history. In the future scenarios, forest cover increased from 12 to 27% between 2000 and 2100, resulting in a 59% increase in biomass carbon storage and an albedo change from 0.46 to 0.30. Forest expansion in 2100 was behind its climatic potential, forest migration rates being the primary limiting factor. In 2100, the warming caused by lower albedo from expanding forest was 10 to 17 times stronger than the cooling effect from carbon sequestration for all emission metrics considered. Reduced snow cover further exacerbated the net warming feedback. The warming effect is considerably stronger than previously reported for boreal forest cover, because of the typically low biomass density in mountain forests and the large changes in albedo of snow-covered tundra areas. The positive climate feedback of high latitude and high elevation expanding mountain forests with seasonal snow cover exceeds those of afforestation at lower elevation, and calls for further attention of both modelers and empiricists. The inclusion and upscaling of these climate feedbacks from mountain forests into global models is warranted to assess the potential global impacts. acceptedVersion |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
de Wit, Heleen Bryn, Anders Hofgaard, Annika Karstensen, Jonas Kvalevåg, Maria Malene Peters, Glen Philip |
spellingShingle |
de Wit, Heleen Bryn, Anders Hofgaard, Annika Karstensen, Jonas Kvalevåg, Maria Malene Peters, Glen Philip Climate warming feedback from mountain birch forest expansion: Reduced albedo dominates carbon uptake |
author_facet |
de Wit, Heleen Bryn, Anders Hofgaard, Annika Karstensen, Jonas Kvalevåg, Maria Malene Peters, Glen Philip |
author_sort |
de Wit, Heleen |
title |
Climate warming feedback from mountain birch forest expansion: Reduced albedo dominates carbon uptake |
title_short |
Climate warming feedback from mountain birch forest expansion: Reduced albedo dominates carbon uptake |
title_full |
Climate warming feedback from mountain birch forest expansion: Reduced albedo dominates carbon uptake |
title_fullStr |
Climate warming feedback from mountain birch forest expansion: Reduced albedo dominates carbon uptake |
title_full_unstemmed |
Climate warming feedback from mountain birch forest expansion: Reduced albedo dominates carbon uptake |
title_sort |
climate warming feedback from mountain birch forest expansion: reduced albedo dominates carbon uptake |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2566915 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12483 |
geographic |
Norway |
geographic_facet |
Norway |
genre |
Tundra |
genre_facet |
Tundra |
op_source |
2344-2355 20 Global Change Biology 7 |
op_relation |
Norges forskningsråd: 184681 Norges forskningsråd: 189977 Norges forskningsråd: 176065 Global Change Biology. 2013, 20 (7), 2344-2355. urn:issn:1354-1013 http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2566915 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12483 cristin:1111421 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12483 |
container_title |
Global Change Biology |
container_volume |
20 |
container_issue |
7 |
container_start_page |
2344 |
op_container_end_page |
2355 |
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1766229988386799616 |