A carbon balance of Norway: terrestrial and aquatic carbon fluxes
Northern landscapes accumulate carbon in vegetation and soils while rivers transport significant amounts of land-derived carbon to coastal areas. Here, we quantify carbon sources and sinks in main ecosystems (forests, peatlands, mountains, agricultural areas, lakes) in Norway for 1990–2008, and comp...
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ftnorskinstvf:oai:niva.brage.unit.no:11250/2566908 2023-05-15T18:28:19+02:00 A carbon balance of Norway: terrestrial and aquatic carbon fluxes de Wit, Heleen Austnes, Kari Hylen, Gro Dalsgaard, Lise 2015 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2566908 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-014-0060-5 eng eng Springer Nordforsk: 60501 Norges forskningsråd: 224779 Norges forskningsråd: 184681 Norges forskningsråd: 208279 Biogeochemistry. 2015, 123, 147-173. urn:issn:0168-2563 http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2566908 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-014-0060-5 cristin:1218930 147-173 123 Biogeochemistry Journal article Peer reviewed 2015 ftnorskinstvf https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-014-0060-5 2023-02-21T08:45:48Z Northern landscapes accumulate carbon in vegetation and soils while rivers transport significant amounts of land-derived carbon to coastal areas. Here, we quantify carbon sources and sinks in main ecosystems (forests, peatlands, mountains, agricultural areas, lakes) in Norway for 1990–2008, and compare riverine carbon transport with terrestrial carbon accumulation in Norway’s four major discharge areas. Mean annual carbon accumulation (6.0 ± 0.9 Tg C; 19 g C m−2) in terrestrial ecosystems balanced 40 % of national greenhouse gas emissions. The area-normalized terrestrial sink strength declined in the following order (in g C m−2 year−1): tree biomass (40 ± 3) > peatlands (19 ± 15) > forest soils (9 ± 1) ≫ lakes (2 ± 1) > mountains (0.5 ± 0.3), while agricultural soils were sources of carbon (−36 ± 74). The most precise estimate in the carbon balance was for tree biomass, because of the underlying forest inventory data. Poor data on land management and soil type in agricultural soils, and on (former) drainage and peatland type resulted in high uncertainty in carbon loss and uptake estimates in agricultural soils and peatlands, which impacted the uncertainty in total terrestrial carbon accumulation. Also, carbon losses from disturbance in organic soil types were poorly constrained. Riverine coastal inputs of land-derived organic carbon (OC) were 1.0 ± 0.1 Tg C year−1 (3.0 g C m−2 year−1), with highest area-specific riverine export in western (4.5 g C m−2 year−1) and lowest (1.7 g C m−2 year−1) in subarctic Norway. In west and middle Norway, river OC export was approximately equal to carbon accumulation in soils and wetlands, while it was 50 % of soil and wetland carbon accumulation in southeast and subarctic Norway. Lateral aquatic transport of carbon is not explicitly accounted for in forest soil carbon accumulation estimates, although aquatic fluxes represent a climate-dependent carbon loss from soil carbon pools. The lack of methods that adequately account for lateral fluxes in carbon balances adds ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Subarctic Norwegian Institute for Water research: NIVA Open Access Archive (Brage) Norway Biogeochemistry 123 1-2 147 173 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Norwegian Institute for Water research: NIVA Open Access Archive (Brage) |
op_collection_id |
ftnorskinstvf |
language |
English |
description |
Northern landscapes accumulate carbon in vegetation and soils while rivers transport significant amounts of land-derived carbon to coastal areas. Here, we quantify carbon sources and sinks in main ecosystems (forests, peatlands, mountains, agricultural areas, lakes) in Norway for 1990–2008, and compare riverine carbon transport with terrestrial carbon accumulation in Norway’s four major discharge areas. Mean annual carbon accumulation (6.0 ± 0.9 Tg C; 19 g C m−2) in terrestrial ecosystems balanced 40 % of national greenhouse gas emissions. The area-normalized terrestrial sink strength declined in the following order (in g C m−2 year−1): tree biomass (40 ± 3) > peatlands (19 ± 15) > forest soils (9 ± 1) ≫ lakes (2 ± 1) > mountains (0.5 ± 0.3), while agricultural soils were sources of carbon (−36 ± 74). The most precise estimate in the carbon balance was for tree biomass, because of the underlying forest inventory data. Poor data on land management and soil type in agricultural soils, and on (former) drainage and peatland type resulted in high uncertainty in carbon loss and uptake estimates in agricultural soils and peatlands, which impacted the uncertainty in total terrestrial carbon accumulation. Also, carbon losses from disturbance in organic soil types were poorly constrained. Riverine coastal inputs of land-derived organic carbon (OC) were 1.0 ± 0.1 Tg C year−1 (3.0 g C m−2 year−1), with highest area-specific riverine export in western (4.5 g C m−2 year−1) and lowest (1.7 g C m−2 year−1) in subarctic Norway. In west and middle Norway, river OC export was approximately equal to carbon accumulation in soils and wetlands, while it was 50 % of soil and wetland carbon accumulation in southeast and subarctic Norway. Lateral aquatic transport of carbon is not explicitly accounted for in forest soil carbon accumulation estimates, although aquatic fluxes represent a climate-dependent carbon loss from soil carbon pools. The lack of methods that adequately account for lateral fluxes in carbon balances adds ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
de Wit, Heleen Austnes, Kari Hylen, Gro Dalsgaard, Lise |
spellingShingle |
de Wit, Heleen Austnes, Kari Hylen, Gro Dalsgaard, Lise A carbon balance of Norway: terrestrial and aquatic carbon fluxes |
author_facet |
de Wit, Heleen Austnes, Kari Hylen, Gro Dalsgaard, Lise |
author_sort |
de Wit, Heleen |
title |
A carbon balance of Norway: terrestrial and aquatic carbon fluxes |
title_short |
A carbon balance of Norway: terrestrial and aquatic carbon fluxes |
title_full |
A carbon balance of Norway: terrestrial and aquatic carbon fluxes |
title_fullStr |
A carbon balance of Norway: terrestrial and aquatic carbon fluxes |
title_full_unstemmed |
A carbon balance of Norway: terrestrial and aquatic carbon fluxes |
title_sort |
carbon balance of norway: terrestrial and aquatic carbon fluxes |
publisher |
Springer |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2566908 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-014-0060-5 |
geographic |
Norway |
geographic_facet |
Norway |
genre |
Subarctic |
genre_facet |
Subarctic |
op_source |
147-173 123 Biogeochemistry |
op_relation |
Nordforsk: 60501 Norges forskningsråd: 224779 Norges forskningsråd: 184681 Norges forskningsråd: 208279 Biogeochemistry. 2015, 123, 147-173. urn:issn:0168-2563 http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2566908 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-014-0060-5 cristin:1218930 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-014-0060-5 |
container_title |
Biogeochemistry |
container_volume |
123 |
container_issue |
1-2 |
container_start_page |
147 |
op_container_end_page |
173 |
_version_ |
1766210737849499648 |