Fluorescent Microplastic Uptake by Immune Cells of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.)
The ubiquitous presence of microplastics and their marine ecotoxicity are major public concerns. Microplastics are ingested accidentally by the marine fauna or are taken up indirectly through the food chain. These particles can accumulate in cells and tissues and affect the normal biological functio...
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ftnorduniv:oai:nordopen.nord.no:11250/2733204 2023-05-15T15:31:38+02:00 Fluorescent Microplastic Uptake by Immune Cells of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) Abihssira Garcia, Isabel Sofia Park, Youngjin Viswanath, Kiron Olsvik, Pål Asgeir 2020 application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2733204 https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2020.560206 eng eng Frontiers Abihssira-Garcia, I. S., Park, Y., Viswanath, K. & Olsvik, P. A. (2020). Fluorescent Microplastic Uptake by Immune Cells of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.). Frontiers in Environmental Science, 8: 560206. doi: urn:issn:2296-665X https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2733204 https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2020.560206 cristin:1850413 Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no © 2020 The Author(s) CC-BY 8 Frontiers in Environmental Science 560206 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Basale biofag: 470 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Økologi: 488 Peer reviewed Journal article 2020 ftnorduniv https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2020.560206 2021-07-13T18:12:05Z The ubiquitous presence of microplastics and their marine ecotoxicity are major public concerns. Microplastics are ingested accidentally by the marine fauna or are taken up indirectly through the food chain. These particles can accumulate in cells and tissues and affect the normal biological functions of organisms, including their defense mechanisms. There is limited information available about the response of immune cells to microplastics; the degree of uptake by the cells, the response of different organs or the impact of environmental concentrations of microplastic are matters that remain unclear. Moreover, very little is known about the toxicity of different polymer types. This study aimed to shed light on the physical impact of small microplastics (1–5 μm) on cells from Atlantic salmon. Immune cells from intestine, blood, and head kidney were exposed to green fluorescent polyethylene microplastic (PE-MP), yellow fluorescent polystyrene microplastic (PS-MP) and both. High (50 mg/L), medium (5 mg/L), and low (0.05 mg/L) concentrations were tested for 1, 24, 48, and 72 h to study cell mortality and microplastic uptake. Quantitative data of microplastic uptake by fish immune cells were obtained for the first time by imaging flow cytometry. Salmon immune cells showed a relatively low ability to phagocytose microplastics. Less than 6% of the cells ingested the particles after 48 h of exposure to high concentrations. Cells also phagocytosed microplastics at low concentrations although at low rates (<0.1%). PE-MPs was phagocytosed by higher percentage of cells compared to PS-MPs and the former bioaccumulated in time while the latter decreased over time. However, each cell generally phagocytosed more PS-MPs particles than PE-MPs. Cells from different tissues showed different responses to the microplastic polymers. In conclusion, this study shows that immune cells of Atlantic salmon can phagocytose microplastics, and the impact is dependent on the microplastic type. PE-MPs, the most abundant polymer in the oceans and a widely used plastic in salmon aquaculture, was more easily taken up than PS-MPs. Furthermore, the study demonstrates how imaging flow cytometry can be applied in microplastics research. publishedVersion Unit Licence Agreement Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Open archive Nord universitet Frontiers in Environmental Science 8 |
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Open archive Nord universitet |
op_collection_id |
ftnorduniv |
language |
English |
topic |
VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Basale biofag: 470 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Økologi: 488 |
spellingShingle |
VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Basale biofag: 470 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Økologi: 488 Abihssira Garcia, Isabel Sofia Park, Youngjin Viswanath, Kiron Olsvik, Pål Asgeir Fluorescent Microplastic Uptake by Immune Cells of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) |
topic_facet |
VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Basale biofag: 470 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Økologi: 488 |
description |
The ubiquitous presence of microplastics and their marine ecotoxicity are major public concerns. Microplastics are ingested accidentally by the marine fauna or are taken up indirectly through the food chain. These particles can accumulate in cells and tissues and affect the normal biological functions of organisms, including their defense mechanisms. There is limited information available about the response of immune cells to microplastics; the degree of uptake by the cells, the response of different organs or the impact of environmental concentrations of microplastic are matters that remain unclear. Moreover, very little is known about the toxicity of different polymer types. This study aimed to shed light on the physical impact of small microplastics (1–5 μm) on cells from Atlantic salmon. Immune cells from intestine, blood, and head kidney were exposed to green fluorescent polyethylene microplastic (PE-MP), yellow fluorescent polystyrene microplastic (PS-MP) and both. High (50 mg/L), medium (5 mg/L), and low (0.05 mg/L) concentrations were tested for 1, 24, 48, and 72 h to study cell mortality and microplastic uptake. Quantitative data of microplastic uptake by fish immune cells were obtained for the first time by imaging flow cytometry. Salmon immune cells showed a relatively low ability to phagocytose microplastics. Less than 6% of the cells ingested the particles after 48 h of exposure to high concentrations. Cells also phagocytosed microplastics at low concentrations although at low rates (<0.1%). PE-MPs was phagocytosed by higher percentage of cells compared to PS-MPs and the former bioaccumulated in time while the latter decreased over time. However, each cell generally phagocytosed more PS-MPs particles than PE-MPs. Cells from different tissues showed different responses to the microplastic polymers. In conclusion, this study shows that immune cells of Atlantic salmon can phagocytose microplastics, and the impact is dependent on the microplastic type. PE-MPs, the most abundant polymer in the oceans and a widely used plastic in salmon aquaculture, was more easily taken up than PS-MPs. Furthermore, the study demonstrates how imaging flow cytometry can be applied in microplastics research. publishedVersion Unit Licence Agreement |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Abihssira Garcia, Isabel Sofia Park, Youngjin Viswanath, Kiron Olsvik, Pål Asgeir |
author_facet |
Abihssira Garcia, Isabel Sofia Park, Youngjin Viswanath, Kiron Olsvik, Pål Asgeir |
author_sort |
Abihssira Garcia, Isabel Sofia |
title |
Fluorescent Microplastic Uptake by Immune Cells of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) |
title_short |
Fluorescent Microplastic Uptake by Immune Cells of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) |
title_full |
Fluorescent Microplastic Uptake by Immune Cells of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) |
title_fullStr |
Fluorescent Microplastic Uptake by Immune Cells of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Fluorescent Microplastic Uptake by Immune Cells of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) |
title_sort |
fluorescent microplastic uptake by immune cells of atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) |
publisher |
Frontiers |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2733204 https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2020.560206 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
8 Frontiers in Environmental Science 560206 |
op_relation |
Abihssira-Garcia, I. S., Park, Y., Viswanath, K. & Olsvik, P. A. (2020). Fluorescent Microplastic Uptake by Immune Cells of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.). Frontiers in Environmental Science, 8: 560206. doi: urn:issn:2296-665X https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2733204 https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2020.560206 cristin:1850413 |
op_rights |
Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no © 2020 The Author(s) |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2020.560206 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Environmental Science |
container_volume |
8 |
_version_ |
1766362156361580544 |