Effects of extreme melt events on ice flow and sea level rise of the Greenland Ice Sheet
Over the past decade, Greenland has experienced several extreme melt events, the most pronounced ones in the years 2010, 2012 and 2019. With progressing climate change, such extreme melt events can be expected to occur more frequently and potentially become more severe and persistent. So far, howeve...
Published in: | The Cryosphere |
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Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2023
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ftnonlinearchiv:oai:noa.gwlb.de:cop_mods_00067900 2023-08-20T04:06:48+02:00 Effects of extreme melt events on ice flow and sea level rise of the Greenland Ice Sheet Beckmann, Johanna Winkelmann, Ricarda 2023-07 electronic https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3083-2023 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00067900 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00066341/tc-17-3083-2023.pdf https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/17/3083/2023/tc-17-3083-2023.pdf eng eng Copernicus Publications The Cryosphere -- ˜Theœ Cryosphere -- http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2393169 -- http://www.the-cryosphere.net/ -- 1994-0424 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3083-2023 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00067900 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00066341/tc-17-3083-2023.pdf https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/17/3083/2023/tc-17-3083-2023.pdf https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ uneingeschränkt info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess article Verlagsveröffentlichung article Text doc-type:article 2023 ftnonlinearchiv https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3083-2023 2023-07-30T23:19:42Z Over the past decade, Greenland has experienced several extreme melt events, the most pronounced ones in the years 2010, 2012 and 2019. With progressing climate change, such extreme melt events can be expected to occur more frequently and potentially become more severe and persistent. So far, however, projections of ice loss and sea level change from Greenland typically rely on scenarios which only take gradual changes in the climate into account. Using the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM), we investigate the effect of extreme melt events on the overall mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet and the changes in ice flow, invoked by the altered surface topography. As a first constraint, this study estimates the overall effect of extreme melt events on the cumulative mass loss of the Greenland Ice Sheet. We find that the sea level contribution from Greenland might increase by 2 to 45 cm (0.2 % to 14 %) by the year 2300 if extreme events occur more frequently in the future under a Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) scenario, and the ice sheet area might be reduced by an additional 6000 to 26 000 km2 by 2300 in comparison to future warming scenarios without extremes. In conclusion, projecting the future sea level contribution from the Greenland Ice Sheet requires consideration of the changes in both the frequency and intensity of extreme events. It is crucial to individually address these extremes at a monthly resolution as temperature forcing with the same excess temperature but evenly distributed over longer timescales (e.g., seasonal) leads to less sea level rise than for the simulations of the resolved extremes. Extremes lead to additional mass loss and thinning. This, in turn, reduces the driving stress and surface velocities, ultimately dampening the ice loss attributed to ice flow and discharge. Overall, we find that the surface elevation feedback largely amplifies melting for scenarios with and without extremes, with additional mass loss attributed to this feedback having the greatest impact on ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Greenland Ice Sheet The Cryosphere Niedersächsisches Online-Archiv NOA Greenland The Cryosphere 17 7 3083 3099 |
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Niedersächsisches Online-Archiv NOA |
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ftnonlinearchiv |
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English |
topic |
article Verlagsveröffentlichung |
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article Verlagsveröffentlichung Beckmann, Johanna Winkelmann, Ricarda Effects of extreme melt events on ice flow and sea level rise of the Greenland Ice Sheet |
topic_facet |
article Verlagsveröffentlichung |
description |
Over the past decade, Greenland has experienced several extreme melt events, the most pronounced ones in the years 2010, 2012 and 2019. With progressing climate change, such extreme melt events can be expected to occur more frequently and potentially become more severe and persistent. So far, however, projections of ice loss and sea level change from Greenland typically rely on scenarios which only take gradual changes in the climate into account. Using the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM), we investigate the effect of extreme melt events on the overall mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet and the changes in ice flow, invoked by the altered surface topography. As a first constraint, this study estimates the overall effect of extreme melt events on the cumulative mass loss of the Greenland Ice Sheet. We find that the sea level contribution from Greenland might increase by 2 to 45 cm (0.2 % to 14 %) by the year 2300 if extreme events occur more frequently in the future under a Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) scenario, and the ice sheet area might be reduced by an additional 6000 to 26 000 km2 by 2300 in comparison to future warming scenarios without extremes. In conclusion, projecting the future sea level contribution from the Greenland Ice Sheet requires consideration of the changes in both the frequency and intensity of extreme events. It is crucial to individually address these extremes at a monthly resolution as temperature forcing with the same excess temperature but evenly distributed over longer timescales (e.g., seasonal) leads to less sea level rise than for the simulations of the resolved extremes. Extremes lead to additional mass loss and thinning. This, in turn, reduces the driving stress and surface velocities, ultimately dampening the ice loss attributed to ice flow and discharge. Overall, we find that the surface elevation feedback largely amplifies melting for scenarios with and without extremes, with additional mass loss attributed to this feedback having the greatest impact on ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Beckmann, Johanna Winkelmann, Ricarda |
author_facet |
Beckmann, Johanna Winkelmann, Ricarda |
author_sort |
Beckmann, Johanna |
title |
Effects of extreme melt events on ice flow and sea level rise of the Greenland Ice Sheet |
title_short |
Effects of extreme melt events on ice flow and sea level rise of the Greenland Ice Sheet |
title_full |
Effects of extreme melt events on ice flow and sea level rise of the Greenland Ice Sheet |
title_fullStr |
Effects of extreme melt events on ice flow and sea level rise of the Greenland Ice Sheet |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effects of extreme melt events on ice flow and sea level rise of the Greenland Ice Sheet |
title_sort |
effects of extreme melt events on ice flow and sea level rise of the greenland ice sheet |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3083-2023 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00067900 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00066341/tc-17-3083-2023.pdf https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/17/3083/2023/tc-17-3083-2023.pdf |
geographic |
Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Greenland |
genre |
Greenland Ice Sheet The Cryosphere |
genre_facet |
Greenland Ice Sheet The Cryosphere |
op_relation |
The Cryosphere -- ˜Theœ Cryosphere -- http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2393169 -- http://www.the-cryosphere.net/ -- 1994-0424 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3083-2023 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00067900 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00066341/tc-17-3083-2023.pdf https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/17/3083/2023/tc-17-3083-2023.pdf |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ uneingeschränkt info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3083-2023 |
container_title |
The Cryosphere |
container_volume |
17 |
container_issue |
7 |
container_start_page |
3083 |
op_container_end_page |
3099 |
_version_ |
1774718140591112192 |