Southern Ocean polynyas and dense water formation in a high-resolution, coupled Earth system model
Antarctic coastal polynyas produce dense shelf water, a primary source of Antarctic Bottom Water that contributes to the global overturning circulation. This paper investigates Antarctic dense water formation in the high-resolution version of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM-HR). The mod...
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ftnonlinearchiv:oai:noa.gwlb.de:cop_mods_00067675 2023-07-30T03:58:12+02:00 Southern Ocean polynyas and dense water formation in a high-resolution, coupled Earth system model Jeong, Hyein Turner, Adrian K. Roberts, Andrew F. Veneziani, Milena Price, Stephen F. Asay-Davis, Xylar S. Van Roekel, Luke P. Lin, Wuyin Caldwell, Peter M. Park, Hyo-Seok Wolfe, Jonathan D. Mametjanov, Azamat 2023-07 electronic https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2681-2023 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00067675 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00066124/tc-17-2681-2023.pdf https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/17/2681/2023/tc-17-2681-2023.pdf eng eng Copernicus Publications The Cryosphere -- ˜Theœ Cryosphere -- http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2393169 -- http://www.the-cryosphere.net/ -- 1994-0424 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2681-2023 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00067675 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00066124/tc-17-2681-2023.pdf https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/17/2681/2023/tc-17-2681-2023.pdf https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ uneingeschränkt info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess article Verlagsveröffentlichung article Text doc-type:article 2023 ftnonlinearchiv https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2681-2023 2023-07-16T23:19:15Z Antarctic coastal polynyas produce dense shelf water, a primary source of Antarctic Bottom Water that contributes to the global overturning circulation. This paper investigates Antarctic dense water formation in the high-resolution version of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM-HR). The model is able to reproduce the main Antarctic coastal polynyas, although the polynyas are smaller in area compared to observations. E3SM-HR also simulates several occurrences of open-ocean polynyas (OOPs) in the Weddell Sea at a higher rate than what the last 50 years of the satellite sea ice observational record suggests, but similarly to other high-resolution Earth system model simulations. Furthermore, the densest water masses in the model are formed within the OOPs rather than on the continental shelf as is typically observed. Biases related to the lack of dense water formation on the continental shelf are associated with overly strong atmospheric polar easterlies, which lead to a strong Antarctic Slope Front and too little exchange between on- and off-continental shelf water masses. Strong polar easterlies also produce excessive southward Ekman transport, causing a build-up of sea ice over the continental shelf and enhanced ice melting in the summer season. This, in turn, produces water masses on the continental shelf that are overly fresh and less dense relative to observations. Our results indicate that high resolution alone is insufficient for models to properly reproduce Antarctic dense water; the large-scale polar atmospheric circulation around Antarctica must also be accurately simulated. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Sea ice Southern Ocean The Cryosphere Weddell Sea Niedersächsisches Online-Archiv NOA Antarctic Southern Ocean Weddell Weddell Sea The Cryosphere 17 7 2681 2700 |
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article Verlagsveröffentlichung Jeong, Hyein Turner, Adrian K. Roberts, Andrew F. Veneziani, Milena Price, Stephen F. Asay-Davis, Xylar S. Van Roekel, Luke P. Lin, Wuyin Caldwell, Peter M. Park, Hyo-Seok Wolfe, Jonathan D. Mametjanov, Azamat Southern Ocean polynyas and dense water formation in a high-resolution, coupled Earth system model |
topic_facet |
article Verlagsveröffentlichung |
description |
Antarctic coastal polynyas produce dense shelf water, a primary source of Antarctic Bottom Water that contributes to the global overturning circulation. This paper investigates Antarctic dense water formation in the high-resolution version of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM-HR). The model is able to reproduce the main Antarctic coastal polynyas, although the polynyas are smaller in area compared to observations. E3SM-HR also simulates several occurrences of open-ocean polynyas (OOPs) in the Weddell Sea at a higher rate than what the last 50 years of the satellite sea ice observational record suggests, but similarly to other high-resolution Earth system model simulations. Furthermore, the densest water masses in the model are formed within the OOPs rather than on the continental shelf as is typically observed. Biases related to the lack of dense water formation on the continental shelf are associated with overly strong atmospheric polar easterlies, which lead to a strong Antarctic Slope Front and too little exchange between on- and off-continental shelf water masses. Strong polar easterlies also produce excessive southward Ekman transport, causing a build-up of sea ice over the continental shelf and enhanced ice melting in the summer season. This, in turn, produces water masses on the continental shelf that are overly fresh and less dense relative to observations. Our results indicate that high resolution alone is insufficient for models to properly reproduce Antarctic dense water; the large-scale polar atmospheric circulation around Antarctica must also be accurately simulated. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Jeong, Hyein Turner, Adrian K. Roberts, Andrew F. Veneziani, Milena Price, Stephen F. Asay-Davis, Xylar S. Van Roekel, Luke P. Lin, Wuyin Caldwell, Peter M. Park, Hyo-Seok Wolfe, Jonathan D. Mametjanov, Azamat |
author_facet |
Jeong, Hyein Turner, Adrian K. Roberts, Andrew F. Veneziani, Milena Price, Stephen F. Asay-Davis, Xylar S. Van Roekel, Luke P. Lin, Wuyin Caldwell, Peter M. Park, Hyo-Seok Wolfe, Jonathan D. Mametjanov, Azamat |
author_sort |
Jeong, Hyein |
title |
Southern Ocean polynyas and dense water formation in a high-resolution, coupled Earth system model |
title_short |
Southern Ocean polynyas and dense water formation in a high-resolution, coupled Earth system model |
title_full |
Southern Ocean polynyas and dense water formation in a high-resolution, coupled Earth system model |
title_fullStr |
Southern Ocean polynyas and dense water formation in a high-resolution, coupled Earth system model |
title_full_unstemmed |
Southern Ocean polynyas and dense water formation in a high-resolution, coupled Earth system model |
title_sort |
southern ocean polynyas and dense water formation in a high-resolution, coupled earth system model |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2681-2023 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00067675 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00066124/tc-17-2681-2023.pdf https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/17/2681/2023/tc-17-2681-2023.pdf |
geographic |
Antarctic Southern Ocean Weddell Weddell Sea |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Southern Ocean Weddell Weddell Sea |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Sea ice Southern Ocean The Cryosphere Weddell Sea |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Sea ice Southern Ocean The Cryosphere Weddell Sea |
op_relation |
The Cryosphere -- ˜Theœ Cryosphere -- http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2393169 -- http://www.the-cryosphere.net/ -- 1994-0424 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2681-2023 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00067675 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00066124/tc-17-2681-2023.pdf https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/17/2681/2023/tc-17-2681-2023.pdf |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ uneingeschränkt info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2681-2023 |
container_title |
The Cryosphere |
container_volume |
17 |
container_issue |
7 |
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2681 |
op_container_end_page |
2700 |
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1772821073596776448 |