Annual evolution of the ice–ocean interaction beneath landfast ice in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica
High-frequency observations of the ice–ocean interaction and high-precision estimation of the ice–ocean heat exchange are critical to understanding the thermodynamics of the landfast ice mass balance in Antarctica. To investigate the oceanic contribution to the evolution of the landfast ice, an inte...
Published in: | The Cryosphere |
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Copernicus Publications
2023
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ftnonlinearchiv:oai:noa.gwlb.de:cop_mods_00066821 2023-06-18T03:38:11+02:00 Annual evolution of the ice–ocean interaction beneath landfast ice in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica Hu, Haihan Zhao, Jiechen Heil, Petra Qin, Zhiliang Ma, Jingkai Hui, Fengming Cheng, Xiao 2023-06 electronic https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2231-2023 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00066821 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00065292/tc-17-2231-2023.pdf https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/17/2231/2023/tc-17-2231-2023.pdf eng eng Copernicus Publications The Cryosphere -- ˜Theœ Cryosphere -- http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2393169 -- http://www.the-cryosphere.net/ -- 1994-0424 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2231-2023 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00066821 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00065292/tc-17-2231-2023.pdf https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/17/2231/2023/tc-17-2231-2023.pdf https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ uneingeschränkt info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess article Verlagsveröffentlichung article Text doc-type:article 2023 ftnonlinearchiv https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2231-2023 2023-06-04T23:18:50Z High-frequency observations of the ice–ocean interaction and high-precision estimation of the ice–ocean heat exchange are critical to understanding the thermodynamics of the landfast ice mass balance in Antarctica. To investigate the oceanic contribution to the evolution of the landfast ice, an integrated ocean observation system, including an acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV), conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) sensors, and a sea ice mass balance array (SIMBA), was deployed on the landfast ice near the Chinese Zhongshan Station in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica, from April to November 2021. The CTD sensors recorded the ocean temperature and salinity. The ocean temperature experienced a rapid increase in late April, from −1.62 to the maximum of −1.30 ∘C, and then it gradually decreased to −1.75 ∘C in May and remained at this temperature until November. The seawater salinity and density exhibited similar increasing trends during April and May, with mean rates of 0.04 psu d−1 and 0.03 kg m−3 d−1, respectively, which was related to the strong salt rejection caused by freezing of the landfast ice. The ocean current observed by the ADV had mean horizontal and vertical velocities of 9.5 ± 3.9 and 0.2 ± 0.8 cm s−1, respectively. The domain current direction was ESE (120∘)–WSW (240∘), and the domain velocity (79 %) was 5–15 cm s−1. The oceanic heat flux (Fw) estimated using the residual method reached a peak of 41.3 ± 9.8 W m−2 in April, and then it gradually decreased to a stable level of 7.8 ± 2.9 W m−2 from June to October. The Fw values calculated using three different bulk parameterizations exhibited similar trends with different magnitudes due to the uncertainties of the empirical friction velocity. The spectral analysis results suggest that all of the observed ocean variables exhibited a typical half-day period, indicating the strong diurnal influence of the local tidal oscillations. The large-scale sea ice distribution and ocean circulation contributed to the seasonal variations in the ocean variables, revealing ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctica East Antarctica Prydz Bay Sea ice The Cryosphere Niedersächsisches Online-Archiv NOA East Antarctica Prydz Bay Zhongshan ENVELOPE(76.371,76.371,-69.373,-69.373) Zhongshan Station ENVELOPE(76.371,76.371,-69.373,-69.373) The Cryosphere 17 6 2231 2244 |
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article Verlagsveröffentlichung |
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article Verlagsveröffentlichung Hu, Haihan Zhao, Jiechen Heil, Petra Qin, Zhiliang Ma, Jingkai Hui, Fengming Cheng, Xiao Annual evolution of the ice–ocean interaction beneath landfast ice in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica |
topic_facet |
article Verlagsveröffentlichung |
description |
High-frequency observations of the ice–ocean interaction and high-precision estimation of the ice–ocean heat exchange are critical to understanding the thermodynamics of the landfast ice mass balance in Antarctica. To investigate the oceanic contribution to the evolution of the landfast ice, an integrated ocean observation system, including an acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV), conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) sensors, and a sea ice mass balance array (SIMBA), was deployed on the landfast ice near the Chinese Zhongshan Station in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica, from April to November 2021. The CTD sensors recorded the ocean temperature and salinity. The ocean temperature experienced a rapid increase in late April, from −1.62 to the maximum of −1.30 ∘C, and then it gradually decreased to −1.75 ∘C in May and remained at this temperature until November. The seawater salinity and density exhibited similar increasing trends during April and May, with mean rates of 0.04 psu d−1 and 0.03 kg m−3 d−1, respectively, which was related to the strong salt rejection caused by freezing of the landfast ice. The ocean current observed by the ADV had mean horizontal and vertical velocities of 9.5 ± 3.9 and 0.2 ± 0.8 cm s−1, respectively. The domain current direction was ESE (120∘)–WSW (240∘), and the domain velocity (79 %) was 5–15 cm s−1. The oceanic heat flux (Fw) estimated using the residual method reached a peak of 41.3 ± 9.8 W m−2 in April, and then it gradually decreased to a stable level of 7.8 ± 2.9 W m−2 from June to October. The Fw values calculated using three different bulk parameterizations exhibited similar trends with different magnitudes due to the uncertainties of the empirical friction velocity. The spectral analysis results suggest that all of the observed ocean variables exhibited a typical half-day period, indicating the strong diurnal influence of the local tidal oscillations. The large-scale sea ice distribution and ocean circulation contributed to the seasonal variations in the ocean variables, revealing ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Hu, Haihan Zhao, Jiechen Heil, Petra Qin, Zhiliang Ma, Jingkai Hui, Fengming Cheng, Xiao |
author_facet |
Hu, Haihan Zhao, Jiechen Heil, Petra Qin, Zhiliang Ma, Jingkai Hui, Fengming Cheng, Xiao |
author_sort |
Hu, Haihan |
title |
Annual evolution of the ice–ocean interaction beneath landfast ice in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica |
title_short |
Annual evolution of the ice–ocean interaction beneath landfast ice in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica |
title_full |
Annual evolution of the ice–ocean interaction beneath landfast ice in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica |
title_fullStr |
Annual evolution of the ice–ocean interaction beneath landfast ice in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica |
title_full_unstemmed |
Annual evolution of the ice–ocean interaction beneath landfast ice in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica |
title_sort |
annual evolution of the ice–ocean interaction beneath landfast ice in prydz bay, east antarctica |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2231-2023 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00066821 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00065292/tc-17-2231-2023.pdf https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/17/2231/2023/tc-17-2231-2023.pdf |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(76.371,76.371,-69.373,-69.373) ENVELOPE(76.371,76.371,-69.373,-69.373) |
geographic |
East Antarctica Prydz Bay Zhongshan Zhongshan Station |
geographic_facet |
East Antarctica Prydz Bay Zhongshan Zhongshan Station |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctica East Antarctica Prydz Bay Sea ice The Cryosphere |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctica East Antarctica Prydz Bay Sea ice The Cryosphere |
op_relation |
The Cryosphere -- ˜Theœ Cryosphere -- http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2393169 -- http://www.the-cryosphere.net/ -- 1994-0424 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2231-2023 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00066821 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00065292/tc-17-2231-2023.pdf https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/17/2231/2023/tc-17-2231-2023.pdf |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ uneingeschränkt info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2231-2023 |
container_title |
The Cryosphere |
container_volume |
17 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
2231 |
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2244 |
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1769003076535975936 |