A closed-form model for layered snow slabs
We propose a closed-form analytical model for the mechanical behavior of stratified snow covers for the purpose of investigating and predicting the physical processes that lead to the formation of dry-snow slab avalanches. We represent the system of a stratified snow slab covering a collapsible weak...
Published in: | The Cryosphere |
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Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2023
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ftnonlinearchiv:oai:noa.gwlb.de:cop_mods_00065799 2023-05-15T18:32:33+02:00 A closed-form model for layered snow slabs Weißgraeber, Philipp Rosendahl, Philipp L. 2023-04 electronic https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1475-2023 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00065799 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00064310/tc-17-1475-2023.pdf https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/17/1475/2023/tc-17-1475-2023.pdf eng eng Copernicus Publications The Cryosphere -- ˜Theœ Cryosphere -- http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2393169 -- http://www.the-cryosphere.net/ -- 1994-0424 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1475-2023 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00065799 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00064310/tc-17-1475-2023.pdf https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/17/1475/2023/tc-17-1475-2023.pdf https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ uneingeschränkt info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess article Verlagsveröffentlichung article Text doc-type:article 2023 ftnonlinearchiv https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1475-2023 2023-04-09T23:16:54Z We propose a closed-form analytical model for the mechanical behavior of stratified snow covers for the purpose of investigating and predicting the physical processes that lead to the formation of dry-snow slab avalanches. We represent the system of a stratified snow slab covering a collapsible weak layer by a beam composed of an arbitrary number of layers supported by an anisotropic elastic foundation in a two-dimensional plane-strain model. The model makes use of laminate mechanics and provides slab deformations, stresses in the weak layer, and energy release rates of weak-layer anticracks in real time. The quantities can be used in failure models of avalanche release. The closed-form solution accounts for the layering-induced coupling of bending and extension in the slab and of shear and normal stresses in the weak layer. It is validated against experimentally recorded displacement fields and a comprehensive finite-element model indicating very good agreement. We show that layered slabs cannot be homogenized into equivalent isotropic bodies and reveal the impact of layering on bridging with respect to weak-layer stresses and energy release rates. It is demonstrated that inclined propagation saw tests allow for the determination of mixed-mode weak-layer fracture toughnesses. Our results suggest that such tests are dominated by mode I when cut upslope and comprise significant mode II contributions when cut downslope. A Python implementation of the presented model is publicly available as part of the Weak Layer Anticrack Nucleation Model (WEAC) software package under https://github.com/2phi/weac (last access: 28 March 2023) and https://pypi.org/project/weac (last access: 28 March 2023, Rosendahl and Weißgraeber, 2022). Article in Journal/Newspaper The Cryosphere Niedersächsisches Online-Archiv NOA The Cryosphere 17 4 1475 1496 |
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Niedersächsisches Online-Archiv NOA |
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English |
topic |
article Verlagsveröffentlichung |
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article Verlagsveröffentlichung Weißgraeber, Philipp Rosendahl, Philipp L. A closed-form model for layered snow slabs |
topic_facet |
article Verlagsveröffentlichung |
description |
We propose a closed-form analytical model for the mechanical behavior of stratified snow covers for the purpose of investigating and predicting the physical processes that lead to the formation of dry-snow slab avalanches. We represent the system of a stratified snow slab covering a collapsible weak layer by a beam composed of an arbitrary number of layers supported by an anisotropic elastic foundation in a two-dimensional plane-strain model. The model makes use of laminate mechanics and provides slab deformations, stresses in the weak layer, and energy release rates of weak-layer anticracks in real time. The quantities can be used in failure models of avalanche release. The closed-form solution accounts for the layering-induced coupling of bending and extension in the slab and of shear and normal stresses in the weak layer. It is validated against experimentally recorded displacement fields and a comprehensive finite-element model indicating very good agreement. We show that layered slabs cannot be homogenized into equivalent isotropic bodies and reveal the impact of layering on bridging with respect to weak-layer stresses and energy release rates. It is demonstrated that inclined propagation saw tests allow for the determination of mixed-mode weak-layer fracture toughnesses. Our results suggest that such tests are dominated by mode I when cut upslope and comprise significant mode II contributions when cut downslope. A Python implementation of the presented model is publicly available as part of the Weak Layer Anticrack Nucleation Model (WEAC) software package under https://github.com/2phi/weac (last access: 28 March 2023) and https://pypi.org/project/weac (last access: 28 March 2023, Rosendahl and Weißgraeber, 2022). |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Weißgraeber, Philipp Rosendahl, Philipp L. |
author_facet |
Weißgraeber, Philipp Rosendahl, Philipp L. |
author_sort |
Weißgraeber, Philipp |
title |
A closed-form model for layered snow slabs |
title_short |
A closed-form model for layered snow slabs |
title_full |
A closed-form model for layered snow slabs |
title_fullStr |
A closed-form model for layered snow slabs |
title_full_unstemmed |
A closed-form model for layered snow slabs |
title_sort |
closed-form model for layered snow slabs |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1475-2023 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00065799 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00064310/tc-17-1475-2023.pdf https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/17/1475/2023/tc-17-1475-2023.pdf |
genre |
The Cryosphere |
genre_facet |
The Cryosphere |
op_relation |
The Cryosphere -- ˜Theœ Cryosphere -- http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2393169 -- http://www.the-cryosphere.net/ -- 1994-0424 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1475-2023 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00065799 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00064310/tc-17-1475-2023.pdf https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/17/1475/2023/tc-17-1475-2023.pdf |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ uneingeschränkt info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1475-2023 |
container_title |
The Cryosphere |
container_volume |
17 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
1475 |
op_container_end_page |
1496 |
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1766216759517380608 |