Understanding the drift of Shackleton's Endurance during its last days before it sank in November 1915, using meteorological reanalysis data
On 5 December 1914, Sir Ernest Shackleton and his crew set sail from South Georgia aboard the wooden barquentine vessel Endurance, beginning the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition to cross the Antarctic continent. However, Shackleton and his crew never reached land because the vessel became beset i...
Published in: | History of Geo- and Space Sciences |
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Copernicus Publications
2023
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ftnonlinearchiv:oai:noa.gwlb.de:cop_mods_00064692 2023-05-15T13:49:22+02:00 Understanding the drift of Shackleton's Endurance during its last days before it sank in November 1915, using meteorological reanalysis data de Vos, Marc Kountouris, Panagiotis Rabenstein, Lasse Shears, John Suhrhoff, Mira Katlein, Christian 2023-01 electronic https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-14-1-2023 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00064692 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00063421/hgss-14-1-2023.pdf https://hgss.copernicus.org/articles/14/1/2023/hgss-14-1-2023.pdf eng eng Copernicus Publications History of Geo- and Space Sciences -- http://www.hist-geo-space-sci.net/ -- http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2563575 -- 2190-5029 https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-14-1-2023 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00064692 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00063421/hgss-14-1-2023.pdf https://hgss.copernicus.org/articles/14/1/2023/hgss-14-1-2023.pdf https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ uneingeschränkt info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC-BY article Verlagsveröffentlichung article Text doc-type:article 2023 ftnonlinearchiv https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-14-1-2023 2023-01-30T00:13:22Z On 5 December 1914, Sir Ernest Shackleton and his crew set sail from South Georgia aboard the wooden barquentine vessel Endurance, beginning the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition to cross the Antarctic continent. However, Shackleton and his crew never reached land because the vessel became beset in the sea ice of the Weddell Sea in January 1915. Endurance then drifted in the pack for 11 months, was crushed by the ice, and sank on 21 November 1915. Over many years, various predictions were made about the location of the wreck. These were based largely on navigational fixes taken by Captain Frank Worsley, the navigator of the Endurance, 3 d prior to and 1 d after the sinking of Endurance. On 5 March 2022, the Endurance22 expedition located the wreck some 9.4 km southeast of Worsley's estimated sinking position. In this paper, we describe the use of meteorological reanalysis data to reconstruct the likely ice drift trajectory of Endurance for the period between Worsley's final two fixes, at some point along which the vessel sank. Reconstructions are sensitive to choices of wind factor and turning angle, but allow an envelope of possible scenarios to be developed. A likely scenario yields a simulated sinking location some 3.5 km from the position at which the wreck finally was found, with a trajectory describing an excursion to the southeast and an anticlockwise turn to the northwest prior to sinking. Despite numerous sources of uncertainty, these results show the potential for such methods in marine archaeology. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Sea ice Weddell Sea Niedersächsisches Online-Archiv NOA Antarctic Shackleton The Antarctic Weddell Weddell Sea Worsley ENVELOPE(-60.417,-60.417,-64.650,-64.650) History of Geo- and Space Sciences 14 1 1 13 |
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Niedersächsisches Online-Archiv NOA |
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English |
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article Verlagsveröffentlichung |
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article Verlagsveröffentlichung de Vos, Marc Kountouris, Panagiotis Rabenstein, Lasse Shears, John Suhrhoff, Mira Katlein, Christian Understanding the drift of Shackleton's Endurance during its last days before it sank in November 1915, using meteorological reanalysis data |
topic_facet |
article Verlagsveröffentlichung |
description |
On 5 December 1914, Sir Ernest Shackleton and his crew set sail from South Georgia aboard the wooden barquentine vessel Endurance, beginning the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition to cross the Antarctic continent. However, Shackleton and his crew never reached land because the vessel became beset in the sea ice of the Weddell Sea in January 1915. Endurance then drifted in the pack for 11 months, was crushed by the ice, and sank on 21 November 1915. Over many years, various predictions were made about the location of the wreck. These were based largely on navigational fixes taken by Captain Frank Worsley, the navigator of the Endurance, 3 d prior to and 1 d after the sinking of Endurance. On 5 March 2022, the Endurance22 expedition located the wreck some 9.4 km southeast of Worsley's estimated sinking position. In this paper, we describe the use of meteorological reanalysis data to reconstruct the likely ice drift trajectory of Endurance for the period between Worsley's final two fixes, at some point along which the vessel sank. Reconstructions are sensitive to choices of wind factor and turning angle, but allow an envelope of possible scenarios to be developed. A likely scenario yields a simulated sinking location some 3.5 km from the position at which the wreck finally was found, with a trajectory describing an excursion to the southeast and an anticlockwise turn to the northwest prior to sinking. Despite numerous sources of uncertainty, these results show the potential for such methods in marine archaeology. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
de Vos, Marc Kountouris, Panagiotis Rabenstein, Lasse Shears, John Suhrhoff, Mira Katlein, Christian |
author_facet |
de Vos, Marc Kountouris, Panagiotis Rabenstein, Lasse Shears, John Suhrhoff, Mira Katlein, Christian |
author_sort |
de Vos, Marc |
title |
Understanding the drift of Shackleton's Endurance during its last days before it sank in November 1915, using meteorological reanalysis data |
title_short |
Understanding the drift of Shackleton's Endurance during its last days before it sank in November 1915, using meteorological reanalysis data |
title_full |
Understanding the drift of Shackleton's Endurance during its last days before it sank in November 1915, using meteorological reanalysis data |
title_fullStr |
Understanding the drift of Shackleton's Endurance during its last days before it sank in November 1915, using meteorological reanalysis data |
title_full_unstemmed |
Understanding the drift of Shackleton's Endurance during its last days before it sank in November 1915, using meteorological reanalysis data |
title_sort |
understanding the drift of shackleton's endurance during its last days before it sank in november 1915, using meteorological reanalysis data |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-14-1-2023 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00064692 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00063421/hgss-14-1-2023.pdf https://hgss.copernicus.org/articles/14/1/2023/hgss-14-1-2023.pdf |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-60.417,-60.417,-64.650,-64.650) |
geographic |
Antarctic Shackleton The Antarctic Weddell Weddell Sea Worsley |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Shackleton The Antarctic Weddell Weddell Sea Worsley |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Sea ice Weddell Sea |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Sea ice Weddell Sea |
op_relation |
History of Geo- and Space Sciences -- http://www.hist-geo-space-sci.net/ -- http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2563575 -- 2190-5029 https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-14-1-2023 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00064692 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00063421/hgss-14-1-2023.pdf https://hgss.copernicus.org/articles/14/1/2023/hgss-14-1-2023.pdf |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ uneingeschränkt info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-14-1-2023 |
container_title |
History of Geo- and Space Sciences |
container_volume |
14 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
1 |
op_container_end_page |
13 |
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1766251254861791232 |