Reconciling conflicting evidence for the cause of the observed early 21st century Eurasian cooling
It is now well established that the Arctic is warming at a faster rate than the global average. This warming, which has been accompanied by a dramatic decline in sea ice, has been linked to cooling over the Eurasian subcontinent over recent decades, most dramatically during the period 1998–2012. Thi...
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2023
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ftnonlinearchiv:oai:noa.gwlb.de:cop_mods_00064559 2023-05-15T15:02:03+02:00 Reconciling conflicting evidence for the cause of the observed early 21st century Eurasian cooling Outten, Stephen Li, Camille King, Martin P. Suo, Lingling Siew, Peter Y. F. Cheung, Hoffman Davy, Richard Dunn-Sigouin, Etienne Furevik, Tore He, Shengping Madonna, Erica Sobolowski, Stefan Spengler, Thomas Woollings, Tim 2023-01 electronic https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-4-95-2023 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00064559 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00063314/wcd-4-95-2023.pdf https://wcd.copernicus.org/articles/4/95/2023/wcd-4-95-2023.pdf eng eng Copernicus Publications Weather and Climate Dynamics -- https://www.weather-climate-dynamics.net/ -- 2698-4016 https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-4-95-2023 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00064559 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00063314/wcd-4-95-2023.pdf https://wcd.copernicus.org/articles/4/95/2023/wcd-4-95-2023.pdf https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ uneingeschränkt info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC-BY article Verlagsveröffentlichung article Text doc-type:article 2023 ftnonlinearchiv https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-4-95-2023 2023-01-23T00:13:25Z It is now well established that the Arctic is warming at a faster rate than the global average. This warming, which has been accompanied by a dramatic decline in sea ice, has been linked to cooling over the Eurasian subcontinent over recent decades, most dramatically during the period 1998–2012. This is a counter-intuitive impact under global warming given that land regions should warm more than ocean (and the global average). Some studies have proposed a causal teleconnection from Arctic sea-ice retreat to Eurasian wintertime cooling; other studies argue that Eurasian cooling is mainly driven by internal variability. Overall, there is an impression of strong disagreement between those holding the “ice-driven” versus “internal variability” viewpoints. Here, we offer an alternative framing showing that the sea ice and internal variability views can be compatible. Key to this is viewing Eurasian cooling through the lens of dynamics (linked primarily to internal variability with some potential contribution from sea ice; cools Eurasia) and thermodynamics (linked to sea-ice retreat; warms Eurasia). This approach, combined with recognition that there is uncertainty in the hypothesized mechanisms themselves, allows both viewpoints (and others) to co-exist and contribute to our understanding of Eurasian cooling. A simple autoregressive model shows that Eurasian cooling of this magnitude is consistent with internal variability, with some periods exhibiting stronger cooling than others, either by chance or by forced changes. Rather than posit a “yes-or-no” causal relationship between sea ice and Eurasian cooling, a more constructive way forward is to consider whether the cooling trend was more likely given the observed sea-ice loss, as well as other sources of low-frequency variability. Taken in this way both sea ice and internal variability are factors that affect the likelihood of strong regional cooling in the presence of ongoing global warming. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Global warming Sea ice Niedersächsisches Online-Archiv NOA Arctic Weather and Climate Dynamics 4 1 95 114 |
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Niedersächsisches Online-Archiv NOA |
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article Verlagsveröffentlichung |
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article Verlagsveröffentlichung Outten, Stephen Li, Camille King, Martin P. Suo, Lingling Siew, Peter Y. F. Cheung, Hoffman Davy, Richard Dunn-Sigouin, Etienne Furevik, Tore He, Shengping Madonna, Erica Sobolowski, Stefan Spengler, Thomas Woollings, Tim Reconciling conflicting evidence for the cause of the observed early 21st century Eurasian cooling |
topic_facet |
article Verlagsveröffentlichung |
description |
It is now well established that the Arctic is warming at a faster rate than the global average. This warming, which has been accompanied by a dramatic decline in sea ice, has been linked to cooling over the Eurasian subcontinent over recent decades, most dramatically during the period 1998–2012. This is a counter-intuitive impact under global warming given that land regions should warm more than ocean (and the global average). Some studies have proposed a causal teleconnection from Arctic sea-ice retreat to Eurasian wintertime cooling; other studies argue that Eurasian cooling is mainly driven by internal variability. Overall, there is an impression of strong disagreement between those holding the “ice-driven” versus “internal variability” viewpoints. Here, we offer an alternative framing showing that the sea ice and internal variability views can be compatible. Key to this is viewing Eurasian cooling through the lens of dynamics (linked primarily to internal variability with some potential contribution from sea ice; cools Eurasia) and thermodynamics (linked to sea-ice retreat; warms Eurasia). This approach, combined with recognition that there is uncertainty in the hypothesized mechanisms themselves, allows both viewpoints (and others) to co-exist and contribute to our understanding of Eurasian cooling. A simple autoregressive model shows that Eurasian cooling of this magnitude is consistent with internal variability, with some periods exhibiting stronger cooling than others, either by chance or by forced changes. Rather than posit a “yes-or-no” causal relationship between sea ice and Eurasian cooling, a more constructive way forward is to consider whether the cooling trend was more likely given the observed sea-ice loss, as well as other sources of low-frequency variability. Taken in this way both sea ice and internal variability are factors that affect the likelihood of strong regional cooling in the presence of ongoing global warming. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Outten, Stephen Li, Camille King, Martin P. Suo, Lingling Siew, Peter Y. F. Cheung, Hoffman Davy, Richard Dunn-Sigouin, Etienne Furevik, Tore He, Shengping Madonna, Erica Sobolowski, Stefan Spengler, Thomas Woollings, Tim |
author_facet |
Outten, Stephen Li, Camille King, Martin P. Suo, Lingling Siew, Peter Y. F. Cheung, Hoffman Davy, Richard Dunn-Sigouin, Etienne Furevik, Tore He, Shengping Madonna, Erica Sobolowski, Stefan Spengler, Thomas Woollings, Tim |
author_sort |
Outten, Stephen |
title |
Reconciling conflicting evidence for the cause of the observed early 21st century Eurasian cooling |
title_short |
Reconciling conflicting evidence for the cause of the observed early 21st century Eurasian cooling |
title_full |
Reconciling conflicting evidence for the cause of the observed early 21st century Eurasian cooling |
title_fullStr |
Reconciling conflicting evidence for the cause of the observed early 21st century Eurasian cooling |
title_full_unstemmed |
Reconciling conflicting evidence for the cause of the observed early 21st century Eurasian cooling |
title_sort |
reconciling conflicting evidence for the cause of the observed early 21st century eurasian cooling |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-4-95-2023 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00064559 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00063314/wcd-4-95-2023.pdf https://wcd.copernicus.org/articles/4/95/2023/wcd-4-95-2023.pdf |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic Global warming Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Global warming Sea ice |
op_relation |
Weather and Climate Dynamics -- https://www.weather-climate-dynamics.net/ -- 2698-4016 https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-4-95-2023 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00064559 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00063314/wcd-4-95-2023.pdf https://wcd.copernicus.org/articles/4/95/2023/wcd-4-95-2023.pdf |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ uneingeschränkt info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-4-95-2023 |
container_title |
Weather and Climate Dynamics |
container_volume |
4 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
95 |
op_container_end_page |
114 |
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1766334046459133952 |