Source Mechanisms and transport Patterns of tropospheric BrO: Findings from long-term MAX-DOAS Measurements at two Antarctic Stations

• Main Authors: Frieß, Udo, Kreher, Karin, Querel, Richard, Schmithüsen, Holger, Smale, Dan, Weller, Rolf, Platt, Ulrich
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Copernicus Publications 2022
• Subjects: article; Verlagsveröffentlichung; Antarctic; Arctic; Arrival Heights; Neumayer; Ronne Ice Shelf; The Antarctic; Weddell; Weddell Sea; Antarc*; Antarctica; Filchner Ronne Ice Shelf; Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf; Ice Sheet; Ice Shelf; Sea ice
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1074; https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00063178; https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/egusphere-2022-1074/egusphere-2022-1074.pdf

The presence of reactive bromine in Polar Regions is a widespread phenomenon that plays an important role in the photochemistry of the Arctic and Antarctic lower troposphere, including the destruction of ozone, the disturbance of radical cycles, and the oxidation of gaseous elemental mercury. The chemical mechanisms leading to the heterogeneous release of gaseous bromine compounds from saline surfaces are in principle well understood. There are, however, substantial uncertainties about the contribution of different potential sources to the release of reactive bromine, such as sea ice, brine, aerosols and the snow surface, as well as about the seasonal and diurnal variation and the vertical distribution of reactive bromine. Here we use continuous long-term measurements of the vertical distribution of bromine monoxide (BrO) and aerosols at the two Antarctic sites Neumayer (NM) and Arrival Heights (AH), covering the periods of 2003–2021 and 2012–2021, respectively, to investigate how chemical and physical parameters affect the abundance of BrO. We find the strongest correlation between BrO and aerosol extinction (R = 0.56 for NM and R = 0.28 for AH during spring), suggesting that the heterogeneous release of Br2 from saline airborne particles (blowing snow and aerosols) is a dominant source for reactive bromine. Positive correlations between BrO and contact time of air masses both, with sea ice and the Antarctic ice sheet suggest that reactive bromine is not only emitted by the sea ice surface, but by the snowpack on the ice shelf and in the coastal regions of Antarctica. In addition, the open ocean appears to represent a source for reactive bromine during late summer and autumn when the sea ice extent is at its minimum. A source-receptor analysis based on back trajectories together with sea ice maps shows that main source regions for BrO at NM is the Weddell Sea and the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf, as well as coastal polynias where sea ice is newly formed. A strong morning peak in BrO frequently occuring during ...