Linking scales of sea ice surface topography: evaluation of ICESat-2 measurements with coincident helicopter laser scanning during MOSAiC

• Main Authors: Ricker, Robert, Fons, Steven, Jutila, Arttu, Hutter, Nils, Duncan, Kyle, Farrell, Sinead L., Kurtz, Nathan T., Fredensborg Hansen, Renée Mie
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Copernicus Publications 2022
• Subjects: article; Verlagsveröffentlichung; Arctic; Arctic Ocean; ice pack; Sea ice
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1122; https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00062871; https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/egusphere-2022-1122/egusphere-2022-1122.pdf

Information about the sea ice surface topography and related deformation are crucial for studies of sea ice mass balance, sea ice modeling, and ship navigation through the ice pack. NASA’s Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) has been on-orbit for nearly four years, sensing the sea ice surface topography with six laser beams capable of capturing individual features such as pressure ridges. To assess the capabilities and uncertainties of ICESat-2 products, coincident high-resolution measurements of the sea ice surface topography are required. During the year-long Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) Expedition in the Arctic Ocean, we successfully carried out a coincident underflight of ICESat-2 with a helicopter-based airborne laser scanner (ALS) achieving an overlap of more than 100 km. Despite the comparably short data set, the high resolution measurements on centimetre scales of the ALS can be used to evaluate the performance of ICESat-2 products. Our goal is to investigate how the sea ice surface roughness and topography is represented in different ICESat-2 products, and how sensitive ICESat-2 products are to leads and small cracks in the ice cover. Here we compare the ALS measurements with the ICESat-2’s primary sea ice height product, ATL07, and the high-fidelity surface elevation product developed by the University of Maryland (UMD). By applying a ridge-detection algorithm, we find that 16 % (4 %) of the number of obstacles in the ALS data set are found using the strong (weak) center beam in ATL07. Significantly higher detection rates of 42 % (30 %) are achieved when using the UMD product. Only one lead is indicated in ATL07 for the underflight, while the ALS reveals mostly small, narrow and only partly open cracks that appear to be overlooked by ATL07. More research on how even small leads can be detected by ATL07 using additional validation data sets and complementing measurements, such as airborne thermal infrared imaging, would be useful to ...