Sunlight penetration dominates the thermal regime and energetics of a shallow ice-covered lake in arid climate
The Mongolian Plateau is characterized by cold and arid winters with very little precipitation (snowfall), strong solar insolation, and dry air, but little is known about the thermal regimes of the ice and ice-covered lakes and their response to the distinct weather and climate in this region. In a...
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Copernicus Publications
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ftnonlinearchiv:oai:noa.gwlb.de:cop_mods_00060949 2023-05-15T18:32:33+02:00 Sunlight penetration dominates the thermal regime and energetics of a shallow ice-covered lake in arid climate Huang, Wenfeng Zhao, Wen Zhang, Cheng Leppäranta, Matti Li, Zhijun Li, Rui Lin, Zhanjun 2022-05 electronic https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1793-2022 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00060949 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00060489/tc-16-1793-2022.pdf https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/16/1793/2022/tc-16-1793-2022.pdf eng eng Copernicus Publications The Cryosphere -- ˜Theœ Cryosphere -- http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2393169 -- http://www.the-cryosphere.net/ -- 1994-0424 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1793-2022 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00060949 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00060489/tc-16-1793-2022.pdf https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/16/1793/2022/tc-16-1793-2022.pdf https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ uneingeschränkt info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC-BY article Verlagsveröffentlichung article Text doc-type:article 2022 ftnonlinearchiv https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1793-2022 2022-05-15T23:09:49Z The Mongolian Plateau is characterized by cold and arid winters with very little precipitation (snowfall), strong solar insolation, and dry air, but little is known about the thermal regimes of the ice and ice-covered lakes and their response to the distinct weather and climate in this region. In a typical large, shallow lake, ice and snow processes (cover) and under-ice thermodynamics were monitored for four winters in 2015–2019. Heat transfer at the ice–water interface and lake heat budget were investigated. The results revealed that persistent bare ice of 35–50 cm thickness transmits 20 %–35 % of the incident solar radiation into the water below. This is a dominant source for under-ice energy flows and causes/maintains high water temperature (up to 6–8 ∘C) and high heat flux from water to ice (averages of 20–45 W m−2) in mid-winter, as well as higher heat conduction in the ice interior during freezing. The heat balance shows that the transmitted radiation and the heat flux from water to ice are the dominant and highly correlated heat flows in the lake. Both bulk water temperature and temperature structure are sensitive to solar transmittance and occasional snow events. Under-ice convective mixing does not necessarily occur because of stratification of salinity in the water body. In particular, salt exclusion during freezing changes both the bulk salinity and the salinity profile, which plays a major role in the stability and mixing of the water column in this shallow lake. Article in Journal/Newspaper The Cryosphere Niedersächsisches Online-Archiv NOA The Cryosphere 16 5 1793 1806 |
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Niedersächsisches Online-Archiv NOA |
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English |
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article Verlagsveröffentlichung |
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article Verlagsveröffentlichung Huang, Wenfeng Zhao, Wen Zhang, Cheng Leppäranta, Matti Li, Zhijun Li, Rui Lin, Zhanjun Sunlight penetration dominates the thermal regime and energetics of a shallow ice-covered lake in arid climate |
topic_facet |
article Verlagsveröffentlichung |
description |
The Mongolian Plateau is characterized by cold and arid winters with very little precipitation (snowfall), strong solar insolation, and dry air, but little is known about the thermal regimes of the ice and ice-covered lakes and their response to the distinct weather and climate in this region. In a typical large, shallow lake, ice and snow processes (cover) and under-ice thermodynamics were monitored for four winters in 2015–2019. Heat transfer at the ice–water interface and lake heat budget were investigated. The results revealed that persistent bare ice of 35–50 cm thickness transmits 20 %–35 % of the incident solar radiation into the water below. This is a dominant source for under-ice energy flows and causes/maintains high water temperature (up to 6–8 ∘C) and high heat flux from water to ice (averages of 20–45 W m−2) in mid-winter, as well as higher heat conduction in the ice interior during freezing. The heat balance shows that the transmitted radiation and the heat flux from water to ice are the dominant and highly correlated heat flows in the lake. Both bulk water temperature and temperature structure are sensitive to solar transmittance and occasional snow events. Under-ice convective mixing does not necessarily occur because of stratification of salinity in the water body. In particular, salt exclusion during freezing changes both the bulk salinity and the salinity profile, which plays a major role in the stability and mixing of the water column in this shallow lake. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Huang, Wenfeng Zhao, Wen Zhang, Cheng Leppäranta, Matti Li, Zhijun Li, Rui Lin, Zhanjun |
author_facet |
Huang, Wenfeng Zhao, Wen Zhang, Cheng Leppäranta, Matti Li, Zhijun Li, Rui Lin, Zhanjun |
author_sort |
Huang, Wenfeng |
title |
Sunlight penetration dominates the thermal regime and energetics of a shallow ice-covered lake in arid climate |
title_short |
Sunlight penetration dominates the thermal regime and energetics of a shallow ice-covered lake in arid climate |
title_full |
Sunlight penetration dominates the thermal regime and energetics of a shallow ice-covered lake in arid climate |
title_fullStr |
Sunlight penetration dominates the thermal regime and energetics of a shallow ice-covered lake in arid climate |
title_full_unstemmed |
Sunlight penetration dominates the thermal regime and energetics of a shallow ice-covered lake in arid climate |
title_sort |
sunlight penetration dominates the thermal regime and energetics of a shallow ice-covered lake in arid climate |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1793-2022 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00060949 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00060489/tc-16-1793-2022.pdf https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/16/1793/2022/tc-16-1793-2022.pdf |
genre |
The Cryosphere |
genre_facet |
The Cryosphere |
op_relation |
The Cryosphere -- ˜Theœ Cryosphere -- http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2393169 -- http://www.the-cryosphere.net/ -- 1994-0424 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1793-2022 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00060949 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00060489/tc-16-1793-2022.pdf https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/16/1793/2022/tc-16-1793-2022.pdf |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ uneingeschränkt info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1793-2022 |
container_title |
The Cryosphere |
container_volume |
16 |
container_issue |
5 |
container_start_page |
1793 |
op_container_end_page |
1806 |
_version_ |
1766216730260013056 |