Arctic sea ice anomalies during the MOSAiC winter 2019/20
During the winter of 2019/2020, as the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) project started its work, the Arctic Oscillation (AO) experienced some of its largest shifts, ranging from a highly negative index in November 2019 to an extremely positive index du...
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article Verlagsveröffentlichung Dethloff, Klaus Maslowski, Wieslaw Hendricks, Stefan Lee, Younjoo J. Goessling, Helge F. Krumpen, Thomas Haas, Christian Handorf, Dörthe Ricker, Robert Bessonov, Vladimir Cassano, John J. Kinney, Jaclyn Clement Osinski, Robert Rex, Markus Rinke, Annette Sokolova, Julia Sommerfeld, Anja Arctic sea ice anomalies during the MOSAiC winter 2019/20 |
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article Verlagsveröffentlichung |
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During the winter of 2019/2020, as the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) project started its work, the Arctic Oscillation (AO) experienced some of its largest shifts, ranging from a highly negative index in November 2019 to an extremely positive index during January–February–March (JFM) 2020. The permanent positive AO phase for the 3 months of JFM 2020 was accompanied by a prevailing positive phase of the Arctic Dipole (AD) pattern. Here we analyze the sea ice thickness (SIT) distribution based on CryoSat-2/SMOS satellite-derived data augmented with results from the hindcast simulation by the fully coupled Regional Arctic System Model (RASM) from November 2019 through March 2020. A notable result of the positive AO phase during JFM 2020 was large SIT anomalies of up to 1.3 m that emerged in the Barents Sea (BS), along the northeastern Canadian coast and in parts of the central Arctic Ocean. These anomalies appear to be driven by nonlinear interactions between thermodynamic and dynamic processes. In particular, in the Barents and Kara seas (BKS), they are a result of enhanced ice growth connected with low-temperature anomalies and the consequence of intensified atmospherically driven sea ice transport and deformations (i.e., ice divergence and shear) in this area. The Davies Strait, the east coast of Greenland and the BS regions are characterized by convergence and divergence changes connected with thinner sea ice at the ice borders along with an enhanced impact of atmospheric wind forcing. Low-pressure anomalies that developed over the eastern Arctic during JFM 2020 increased northerly winds from the cold Arctic Ocean to the BS and accelerated the southward drift of the MOSAiC ice floe. The satellite-derived and simulated sea ice velocity anomalies, which compared well during JFM 2020, indicate a strong acceleration of the Transpolar Drift relative to the mean for the past decade, with intensified speeds of up to 6 km d−1. As a consequence, sea ice transport and deformations driven by atmospheric surface wind forcing accounted for the bulk of the SIT anomalies, especially in January 2020 and February 2020. RASM intra-annual ensemble forecast simulations with 30 ensemble members forced with different atmospheric boundary conditions from 1 November 2019 through 30 April 2020 show a pronounced internal variability in the sea ice volume, driven by thermodynamic ice-growth and ice-melt processes and the impact of dynamic surface winds on sea ice formation and deformation. A comparison of the respective SIT distributions and turbulent heat fluxes during the positive AO phase in JFM 2020 and the negative AO phase in JFM 2010 corroborates the conclusion that winter sea ice conditions in the Arctic Ocean can be significantly altered by AO variability. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Dethloff, Klaus Maslowski, Wieslaw Hendricks, Stefan Lee, Younjoo J. Goessling, Helge F. Krumpen, Thomas Haas, Christian Handorf, Dörthe Ricker, Robert Bessonov, Vladimir Cassano, John J. Kinney, Jaclyn Clement Osinski, Robert Rex, Markus Rinke, Annette Sokolova, Julia Sommerfeld, Anja |
author_facet |
Dethloff, Klaus Maslowski, Wieslaw Hendricks, Stefan Lee, Younjoo J. Goessling, Helge F. Krumpen, Thomas Haas, Christian Handorf, Dörthe Ricker, Robert Bessonov, Vladimir Cassano, John J. Kinney, Jaclyn Clement Osinski, Robert Rex, Markus Rinke, Annette Sokolova, Julia Sommerfeld, Anja |
author_sort |
Dethloff, Klaus |
title |
Arctic sea ice anomalies during the MOSAiC winter 2019/20 |
title_short |
Arctic sea ice anomalies during the MOSAiC winter 2019/20 |
title_full |
Arctic sea ice anomalies during the MOSAiC winter 2019/20 |
title_fullStr |
Arctic sea ice anomalies during the MOSAiC winter 2019/20 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Arctic sea ice anomalies during the MOSAiC winter 2019/20 |
title_sort |
arctic sea ice anomalies during the mosaic winter 2019/20 |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-981-2022 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00060365 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00060005/tc-16-981-2022.pdf https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/16/981/2022/tc-16-981-2022.pdf |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Barents Sea Greenland |
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Arctic Arctic Ocean Barents Sea Greenland |
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Arctic Arctic Ocean Barents Sea Greenland Sea ice The Cryosphere |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Barents Sea Greenland Sea ice The Cryosphere |
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The Cryosphere -- ˜Theœ Cryosphere -- http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2393169 -- http://www.the-cryosphere.net/ -- 1994-0424 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-981-2022 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00060365 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00060005/tc-16-981-2022.pdf https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/16/981/2022/tc-16-981-2022.pdf |
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https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ uneingeschränkt info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-981-2022 |
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ftnonlinearchiv:oai:noa.gwlb.de:cop_mods_00060365 2023-05-15T14:43:50+02:00 Arctic sea ice anomalies during the MOSAiC winter 2019/20 Dethloff, Klaus Maslowski, Wieslaw Hendricks, Stefan Lee, Younjoo J. Goessling, Helge F. Krumpen, Thomas Haas, Christian Handorf, Dörthe Ricker, Robert Bessonov, Vladimir Cassano, John J. Kinney, Jaclyn Clement Osinski, Robert Rex, Markus Rinke, Annette Sokolova, Julia Sommerfeld, Anja 2022-03 electronic https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-981-2022 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00060365 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00060005/tc-16-981-2022.pdf https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/16/981/2022/tc-16-981-2022.pdf eng eng Copernicus Publications The Cryosphere -- ˜Theœ Cryosphere -- http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2393169 -- http://www.the-cryosphere.net/ -- 1994-0424 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-981-2022 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00060365 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00060005/tc-16-981-2022.pdf https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/16/981/2022/tc-16-981-2022.pdf https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ uneingeschränkt info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC-BY article Verlagsveröffentlichung article Text doc-type:article 2022 ftnonlinearchiv https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-981-2022 2022-03-21T00:08:51Z During the winter of 2019/2020, as the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) project started its work, the Arctic Oscillation (AO) experienced some of its largest shifts, ranging from a highly negative index in November 2019 to an extremely positive index during January–February–March (JFM) 2020. The permanent positive AO phase for the 3 months of JFM 2020 was accompanied by a prevailing positive phase of the Arctic Dipole (AD) pattern. Here we analyze the sea ice thickness (SIT) distribution based on CryoSat-2/SMOS satellite-derived data augmented with results from the hindcast simulation by the fully coupled Regional Arctic System Model (RASM) from November 2019 through March 2020. A notable result of the positive AO phase during JFM 2020 was large SIT anomalies of up to 1.3 m that emerged in the Barents Sea (BS), along the northeastern Canadian coast and in parts of the central Arctic Ocean. These anomalies appear to be driven by nonlinear interactions between thermodynamic and dynamic processes. In particular, in the Barents and Kara seas (BKS), they are a result of enhanced ice growth connected with low-temperature anomalies and the consequence of intensified atmospherically driven sea ice transport and deformations (i.e., ice divergence and shear) in this area. The Davies Strait, the east coast of Greenland and the BS regions are characterized by convergence and divergence changes connected with thinner sea ice at the ice borders along with an enhanced impact of atmospheric wind forcing. Low-pressure anomalies that developed over the eastern Arctic during JFM 2020 increased northerly winds from the cold Arctic Ocean to the BS and accelerated the southward drift of the MOSAiC ice floe. The satellite-derived and simulated sea ice velocity anomalies, which compared well during JFM 2020, indicate a strong acceleration of the Transpolar Drift relative to the mean for the past decade, with intensified speeds of up to 6 km d−1. As a consequence, sea ice transport and deformations driven by atmospheric surface wind forcing accounted for the bulk of the SIT anomalies, especially in January 2020 and February 2020. RASM intra-annual ensemble forecast simulations with 30 ensemble members forced with different atmospheric boundary conditions from 1 November 2019 through 30 April 2020 show a pronounced internal variability in the sea ice volume, driven by thermodynamic ice-growth and ice-melt processes and the impact of dynamic surface winds on sea ice formation and deformation. A comparison of the respective SIT distributions and turbulent heat fluxes during the positive AO phase in JFM 2020 and the negative AO phase in JFM 2010 corroborates the conclusion that winter sea ice conditions in the Arctic Ocean can be significantly altered by AO variability. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Ocean Barents Sea Greenland Sea ice The Cryosphere Niedersächsisches Online-Archiv NOA Arctic Arctic Ocean Barents Sea Greenland The Cryosphere 16 3 981 1005 |