Southern Ocean latitudinal gradients of cloud condensation nuclei
The Southern Ocean region is one of the most pristine in the world and serves as an important proxy for the pre-industrial atmosphere. Improving our understanding of the natural processes in this region is likely to result in the largest reductions in the uncertainty of climate and earth system mode...
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Copernicus Publications
2021
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ftnonlinearchiv:oai:noa.gwlb.de:cop_mods_00057975 2024-09-15T17:46:11+00:00 Southern Ocean latitudinal gradients of cloud condensation nuclei Humphries, Ruhi S. Keywood, Melita D. Gribben, Sean McRobert, Ian M. Ward, Jason P. Selleck, Paul Taylor, Sally Harnwell, James Flynn, Connor Kulkarni, Gourihar R. Mace, Gerald G. Protat, Alain Alexander, Simon P. McFarquhar, Greg 2021-08 electronic https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12757-2021 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00057975 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00057625/acp-21-12757-2021.pdf https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/12757/2021/acp-21-12757-2021.pdf eng eng Copernicus Publications Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics -- http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/volumes_and_issues.html -- http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2069847 -- 1680-7324 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12757-2021 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00057975 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00057625/acp-21-12757-2021.pdf https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/12757/2021/acp-21-12757-2021.pdf https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ uneingeschränkt info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess article Verlagsveröffentlichung article Text doc-type:article 2021 ftnonlinearchiv https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12757-2021 2024-06-26T04:38:21Z The Southern Ocean region is one of the most pristine in the world and serves as an important proxy for the pre-industrial atmosphere. Improving our understanding of the natural processes in this region is likely to result in the largest reductions in the uncertainty of climate and earth system models. While remoteness from anthropogenic and continental sources is responsible for its clean atmosphere, this also results in the dearth of atmospheric observations in the region. Here we present a statistical summary of the latitudinal gradient of aerosol (condensation nuclei larger than 10 nm, CN10) and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN at various supersaturations) concentrations obtained from five voyages spanning the Southern Ocean between Australia and Antarctica from late spring to early autumn (October to March) of the 2017/18 austral seasons. Three main regions of influence were identified: the northern sector (40–45∘ S), where continental and anthropogenic sources coexisted with background marine aerosol populations; the mid-latitude sector (45–65∘ S), where the aerosol populations reflected a mixture of biogenic and sea-salt aerosol; and the southern sector (65–70∘ S), south of the atmospheric polar front, where sea-salt aerosol concentrations were greatly reduced and aerosol populations were primarily biologically derived sulfur species with a significant history in the Antarctic free troposphere. The northern sector showed the highest number concentrations with median (25th to 75th percentiles) CN10 and CCN0.5 concentrations of 681 (388–839) cm−3 and 322 (105–443) cm−3, respectively. Concentrations in the mid-latitudes were typically around 350 cm−3 and 160 cm−3 for CN10 and CCN0.5, respectively. In the southern sector, concentrations rose markedly, reaching 447 (298–446) cm−3 and 232 (186–271) cm−3 for CN10 and CCN0.5, respectively. The aerosol composition in this sector was marked by a distinct drop in sea salt and increase in both sulfate fraction and absolute concentrations, resulting in a substantially ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Southern Ocean Niedersächsisches Online-Archiv NOA Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21 16 12757 12782 |
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article Verlagsveröffentlichung |
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article Verlagsveröffentlichung Humphries, Ruhi S. Keywood, Melita D. Gribben, Sean McRobert, Ian M. Ward, Jason P. Selleck, Paul Taylor, Sally Harnwell, James Flynn, Connor Kulkarni, Gourihar R. Mace, Gerald G. Protat, Alain Alexander, Simon P. McFarquhar, Greg Southern Ocean latitudinal gradients of cloud condensation nuclei |
topic_facet |
article Verlagsveröffentlichung |
description |
The Southern Ocean region is one of the most pristine in the world and serves as an important proxy for the pre-industrial atmosphere. Improving our understanding of the natural processes in this region is likely to result in the largest reductions in the uncertainty of climate and earth system models. While remoteness from anthropogenic and continental sources is responsible for its clean atmosphere, this also results in the dearth of atmospheric observations in the region. Here we present a statistical summary of the latitudinal gradient of aerosol (condensation nuclei larger than 10 nm, CN10) and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN at various supersaturations) concentrations obtained from five voyages spanning the Southern Ocean between Australia and Antarctica from late spring to early autumn (October to March) of the 2017/18 austral seasons. Three main regions of influence were identified: the northern sector (40–45∘ S), where continental and anthropogenic sources coexisted with background marine aerosol populations; the mid-latitude sector (45–65∘ S), where the aerosol populations reflected a mixture of biogenic and sea-salt aerosol; and the southern sector (65–70∘ S), south of the atmospheric polar front, where sea-salt aerosol concentrations were greatly reduced and aerosol populations were primarily biologically derived sulfur species with a significant history in the Antarctic free troposphere. The northern sector showed the highest number concentrations with median (25th to 75th percentiles) CN10 and CCN0.5 concentrations of 681 (388–839) cm−3 and 322 (105–443) cm−3, respectively. Concentrations in the mid-latitudes were typically around 350 cm−3 and 160 cm−3 for CN10 and CCN0.5, respectively. In the southern sector, concentrations rose markedly, reaching 447 (298–446) cm−3 and 232 (186–271) cm−3 for CN10 and CCN0.5, respectively. The aerosol composition in this sector was marked by a distinct drop in sea salt and increase in both sulfate fraction and absolute concentrations, resulting in a substantially ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Humphries, Ruhi S. Keywood, Melita D. Gribben, Sean McRobert, Ian M. Ward, Jason P. Selleck, Paul Taylor, Sally Harnwell, James Flynn, Connor Kulkarni, Gourihar R. Mace, Gerald G. Protat, Alain Alexander, Simon P. McFarquhar, Greg |
author_facet |
Humphries, Ruhi S. Keywood, Melita D. Gribben, Sean McRobert, Ian M. Ward, Jason P. Selleck, Paul Taylor, Sally Harnwell, James Flynn, Connor Kulkarni, Gourihar R. Mace, Gerald G. Protat, Alain Alexander, Simon P. McFarquhar, Greg |
author_sort |
Humphries, Ruhi S. |
title |
Southern Ocean latitudinal gradients of cloud condensation nuclei |
title_short |
Southern Ocean latitudinal gradients of cloud condensation nuclei |
title_full |
Southern Ocean latitudinal gradients of cloud condensation nuclei |
title_fullStr |
Southern Ocean latitudinal gradients of cloud condensation nuclei |
title_full_unstemmed |
Southern Ocean latitudinal gradients of cloud condensation nuclei |
title_sort |
southern ocean latitudinal gradients of cloud condensation nuclei |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12757-2021 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00057975 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00057625/acp-21-12757-2021.pdf https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/12757/2021/acp-21-12757-2021.pdf |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Southern Ocean |
op_relation |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics -- http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/volumes_and_issues.html -- http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2069847 -- 1680-7324 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12757-2021 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00057975 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00057625/acp-21-12757-2021.pdf https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/12757/2021/acp-21-12757-2021.pdf |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ uneingeschränkt info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12757-2021 |
container_title |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
container_volume |
21 |
container_issue |
16 |
container_start_page |
12757 |
op_container_end_page |
12782 |
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1810494165850521600 |