Interfacial supercooling and the precipitation of hydrohalite in frozen NaCl solutions as seen by X-ray absorption spectroscopy
Laboratory experiments are presented on the phase change at the surface of sodium chloride–water mixtures at temperatures between 259 and 241 K. Chloride is a ubiquitous component of polar coastal surface snow. The chloride embedded in snow is involved in reactions that modify the chemical compositi...
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ftnonlinearchiv:oai:noa.gwlb.de:cop_mods_00056368 2024-09-15T18:39:00+00:00 Interfacial supercooling and the precipitation of hydrohalite in frozen NaCl solutions as seen by X-ray absorption spectroscopy Bartels-Rausch, Thorsten Kong, Xiangrui Orlando, Fabrizio Artiglia, Luca Waldner, Astrid Huthwelker, Thomas Ammann, Markus 2021-04 electronic https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2001-2021 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00056368 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00056019/tc-15-2001-2021.pdf https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/15/2001/2021/tc-15-2001-2021.pdf eng eng Copernicus Publications The Cryosphere -- ˜Theœ Cryosphere -- http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2393169 -- http://www.the-cryosphere.net/ -- 1994-0424 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2001-2021 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00056368 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00056019/tc-15-2001-2021.pdf https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/15/2001/2021/tc-15-2001-2021.pdf https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ uneingeschränkt info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess article Verlagsveröffentlichung article Text doc-type:article 2021 ftnonlinearchiv https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2001-2021 2024-06-26T04:40:00Z Laboratory experiments are presented on the phase change at the surface of sodium chloride–water mixtures at temperatures between 259 and 241 K. Chloride is a ubiquitous component of polar coastal surface snow. The chloride embedded in snow is involved in reactions that modify the chemical composition of snow as well as ultimately impact the budget of trace gases and the oxidative capacity of the overlying atmosphere. Multiphase reactions at the snow–air interface have been of particular interest in atmospheric science. Undoubtedly, chemical reactions proceed faster in liquids than in solids; but it is currently unclear when such phase changes occur at the interface of snow with air. In the experiments reported here, a high selectivity to the upper few nanometres of the frozen solution–air interface is achieved by using electron yield near-edge X-ray absorption fine-structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. We find that sodium chloride at the interface of frozen solutions, which mimic sea-salt deposits in snow, remains as supercooled liquid down to 241 K. At this temperature, hydrohalite exclusively precipitates and anhydrous sodium chloride is not detected. In this work, we present the first NEXAFS spectrum of hydrohalite. The hydrohalite is found to be stable while increasing the temperature towards the eutectic temperature of 252 K. Taken together, this study reveals no differences in the phase changes of sodium chloride at the interface as compared to the bulk. That sodium chloride remains liquid at the interface upon cooling down to 241 K, which spans the most common temperature range in Arctic marine environments, has consequences for interfacial chemistry involving chlorine as well as for any other reactant for which the sodium chloride provides a liquid reservoir at the interface of environmental snow. Implications for the role of surface snow in atmospheric chemistry are discussed. Article in Journal/Newspaper The Cryosphere Niedersächsisches Online-Archiv NOA The Cryosphere 15 4 2001 2020 |
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article Verlagsveröffentlichung Bartels-Rausch, Thorsten Kong, Xiangrui Orlando, Fabrizio Artiglia, Luca Waldner, Astrid Huthwelker, Thomas Ammann, Markus Interfacial supercooling and the precipitation of hydrohalite in frozen NaCl solutions as seen by X-ray absorption spectroscopy |
topic_facet |
article Verlagsveröffentlichung |
description |
Laboratory experiments are presented on the phase change at the surface of sodium chloride–water mixtures at temperatures between 259 and 241 K. Chloride is a ubiquitous component of polar coastal surface snow. The chloride embedded in snow is involved in reactions that modify the chemical composition of snow as well as ultimately impact the budget of trace gases and the oxidative capacity of the overlying atmosphere. Multiphase reactions at the snow–air interface have been of particular interest in atmospheric science. Undoubtedly, chemical reactions proceed faster in liquids than in solids; but it is currently unclear when such phase changes occur at the interface of snow with air. In the experiments reported here, a high selectivity to the upper few nanometres of the frozen solution–air interface is achieved by using electron yield near-edge X-ray absorption fine-structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. We find that sodium chloride at the interface of frozen solutions, which mimic sea-salt deposits in snow, remains as supercooled liquid down to 241 K. At this temperature, hydrohalite exclusively precipitates and anhydrous sodium chloride is not detected. In this work, we present the first NEXAFS spectrum of hydrohalite. The hydrohalite is found to be stable while increasing the temperature towards the eutectic temperature of 252 K. Taken together, this study reveals no differences in the phase changes of sodium chloride at the interface as compared to the bulk. That sodium chloride remains liquid at the interface upon cooling down to 241 K, which spans the most common temperature range in Arctic marine environments, has consequences for interfacial chemistry involving chlorine as well as for any other reactant for which the sodium chloride provides a liquid reservoir at the interface of environmental snow. Implications for the role of surface snow in atmospheric chemistry are discussed. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Bartels-Rausch, Thorsten Kong, Xiangrui Orlando, Fabrizio Artiglia, Luca Waldner, Astrid Huthwelker, Thomas Ammann, Markus |
author_facet |
Bartels-Rausch, Thorsten Kong, Xiangrui Orlando, Fabrizio Artiglia, Luca Waldner, Astrid Huthwelker, Thomas Ammann, Markus |
author_sort |
Bartels-Rausch, Thorsten |
title |
Interfacial supercooling and the precipitation of hydrohalite in frozen NaCl solutions as seen by X-ray absorption spectroscopy |
title_short |
Interfacial supercooling and the precipitation of hydrohalite in frozen NaCl solutions as seen by X-ray absorption spectroscopy |
title_full |
Interfacial supercooling and the precipitation of hydrohalite in frozen NaCl solutions as seen by X-ray absorption spectroscopy |
title_fullStr |
Interfacial supercooling and the precipitation of hydrohalite in frozen NaCl solutions as seen by X-ray absorption spectroscopy |
title_full_unstemmed |
Interfacial supercooling and the precipitation of hydrohalite in frozen NaCl solutions as seen by X-ray absorption spectroscopy |
title_sort |
interfacial supercooling and the precipitation of hydrohalite in frozen nacl solutions as seen by x-ray absorption spectroscopy |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2001-2021 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00056368 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00056019/tc-15-2001-2021.pdf https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/15/2001/2021/tc-15-2001-2021.pdf |
genre |
The Cryosphere |
genre_facet |
The Cryosphere |
op_relation |
The Cryosphere -- ˜Theœ Cryosphere -- http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2393169 -- http://www.the-cryosphere.net/ -- 1994-0424 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2001-2021 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00056368 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00056019/tc-15-2001-2021.pdf https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/15/2001/2021/tc-15-2001-2021.pdf |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ uneingeschränkt info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2001-2021 |
container_title |
The Cryosphere |
container_volume |
15 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
2001 |
op_container_end_page |
2020 |
_version_ |
1810483396980244480 |