Two-dimensional liquid water flow through snow at the plot scale in continental snowpacks: simulations and field data comparisons
Modeling the multidimensional flow of liquid water through snow has been limited in spatial and temporal scales to date. Here, we present simulations using the inverse TOUGH2 (iTOUGH2) model informed by the model SNOWPACK, referred to as SnowTOUGH. We use SnowTOUGH to simulate snow metamorphism, mel...
Published in: | The Cryosphere |
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Copernicus Publications
2021
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ftnonlinearchiv:oai:noa.gwlb.de:cop_mods_00055986 2023-05-15T18:32:32+02:00 Two-dimensional liquid water flow through snow at the plot scale in continental snowpacks: simulations and field data comparisons Webb, Ryan W. Jennings, Keith Finsterle, Stefan Fassnacht, Steven R. 2021-03 electronic https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1423-2021 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00055986 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00055637/tc-15-1423-2021.pdf https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/15/1423/2021/tc-15-1423-2021.pdf eng eng Copernicus Publications The Cryosphere -- ˜Theœ Cryosphere -- http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2393169 -- http://www.the-cryosphere.net/ -- 1994-0424 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1423-2021 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00055986 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00055637/tc-15-1423-2021.pdf https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/15/1423/2021/tc-15-1423-2021.pdf https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ uneingeschränkt info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC-BY article Verlagsveröffentlichung article Text doc-type:article 2021 ftnonlinearchiv https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1423-2021 2022-02-08T22:34:17Z Modeling the multidimensional flow of liquid water through snow has been limited in spatial and temporal scales to date. Here, we present simulations using the inverse TOUGH2 (iTOUGH2) model informed by the model SNOWPACK, referred to as SnowTOUGH. We use SnowTOUGH to simulate snow metamorphism, melt/freeze processes, and liquid water movement in two-dimensional snowpacks at the plot scale (20 m) on a sloping ground surface during multi-day observation periods at three field sites in northern Colorado, USA. Model results compare well with sites below the treeline and above the treeline but not at a site near the treeline. Results show the importance of longitudinal intra-snowpack flow paths (i.e., parallel to ground surface in the downslope direction and sometimes referred to as lateral flow), particularly during times when the snow surface (i.e., snow–atmosphere interface) is not actively melting. At our above-treeline site, simulations show that longitudinal flow can occur at rates orders of magnitude greater than vertically downward percolating water flow at a mean ratio of 75:1 as a result of hydraulic barriers that divert flow. Our near-treeline site simulations resulted in slightly less longitudinal flow than vertically percolating water, and the below-treeline site resulted in negligible longitudinal flow of liquid water. These results show the increasing influence of longitudinal intra-snowpack flow paths with elevation, similar to field observations. Results of this study suggest that intra-snowpack longitudinal flow may be an important process for consideration in hydrologic modeling for higher-elevation headwater catchments. Article in Journal/Newspaper The Cryosphere Niedersächsisches Online-Archiv NOA The Cryosphere 15 3 1423 1434 |
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Niedersächsisches Online-Archiv NOA |
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language |
English |
topic |
article Verlagsveröffentlichung |
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article Verlagsveröffentlichung Webb, Ryan W. Jennings, Keith Finsterle, Stefan Fassnacht, Steven R. Two-dimensional liquid water flow through snow at the plot scale in continental snowpacks: simulations and field data comparisons |
topic_facet |
article Verlagsveröffentlichung |
description |
Modeling the multidimensional flow of liquid water through snow has been limited in spatial and temporal scales to date. Here, we present simulations using the inverse TOUGH2 (iTOUGH2) model informed by the model SNOWPACK, referred to as SnowTOUGH. We use SnowTOUGH to simulate snow metamorphism, melt/freeze processes, and liquid water movement in two-dimensional snowpacks at the plot scale (20 m) on a sloping ground surface during multi-day observation periods at three field sites in northern Colorado, USA. Model results compare well with sites below the treeline and above the treeline but not at a site near the treeline. Results show the importance of longitudinal intra-snowpack flow paths (i.e., parallel to ground surface in the downslope direction and sometimes referred to as lateral flow), particularly during times when the snow surface (i.e., snow–atmosphere interface) is not actively melting. At our above-treeline site, simulations show that longitudinal flow can occur at rates orders of magnitude greater than vertically downward percolating water flow at a mean ratio of 75:1 as a result of hydraulic barriers that divert flow. Our near-treeline site simulations resulted in slightly less longitudinal flow than vertically percolating water, and the below-treeline site resulted in negligible longitudinal flow of liquid water. These results show the increasing influence of longitudinal intra-snowpack flow paths with elevation, similar to field observations. Results of this study suggest that intra-snowpack longitudinal flow may be an important process for consideration in hydrologic modeling for higher-elevation headwater catchments. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Webb, Ryan W. Jennings, Keith Finsterle, Stefan Fassnacht, Steven R. |
author_facet |
Webb, Ryan W. Jennings, Keith Finsterle, Stefan Fassnacht, Steven R. |
author_sort |
Webb, Ryan W. |
title |
Two-dimensional liquid water flow through snow at the plot scale in continental snowpacks: simulations and field data comparisons |
title_short |
Two-dimensional liquid water flow through snow at the plot scale in continental snowpacks: simulations and field data comparisons |
title_full |
Two-dimensional liquid water flow through snow at the plot scale in continental snowpacks: simulations and field data comparisons |
title_fullStr |
Two-dimensional liquid water flow through snow at the plot scale in continental snowpacks: simulations and field data comparisons |
title_full_unstemmed |
Two-dimensional liquid water flow through snow at the plot scale in continental snowpacks: simulations and field data comparisons |
title_sort |
two-dimensional liquid water flow through snow at the plot scale in continental snowpacks: simulations and field data comparisons |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1423-2021 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00055986 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00055637/tc-15-1423-2021.pdf https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/15/1423/2021/tc-15-1423-2021.pdf |
genre |
The Cryosphere |
genre_facet |
The Cryosphere |
op_relation |
The Cryosphere -- ˜Theœ Cryosphere -- http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2393169 -- http://www.the-cryosphere.net/ -- 1994-0424 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1423-2021 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00055986 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00055637/tc-15-1423-2021.pdf https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/15/1423/2021/tc-15-1423-2021.pdf |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ uneingeschränkt info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1423-2021 |
container_title |
The Cryosphere |
container_volume |
15 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
1423 |
op_container_end_page |
1434 |
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1766216685638909952 |