Water masses in the Atlantic Ocean: characteristics and distributions
A large number of water masses are presented in the Atlantic Ocean, and knowledge of their distributions and properties is important for understanding and monitoring of a range of oceanographic phenomena. The characteristics and distributions of water masses in biogeochemical space are useful for, i...
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Copernicus Publications
2021
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ftnonlinearchiv:oai:noa.gwlb.de:cop_mods_00055927 2024-09-15T17:40:54+00:00 Water masses in the Atlantic Ocean: characteristics and distributions Liu, Mian Tanhua, Toste 2021-03 electronic https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-463-2021 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00055927 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00055578/os-17-463-2021.pdf https://os.copernicus.org/articles/17/463/2021/os-17-463-2021.pdf eng eng Copernicus Publications Ocean Science -- http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2183769 -- http://www.copernicus.org/EGU/os/os.html -- 1812-0792 https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-463-2021 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00055927 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00055578/os-17-463-2021.pdf https://os.copernicus.org/articles/17/463/2021/os-17-463-2021.pdf https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ uneingeschränkt info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess article Verlagsveröffentlichung article Text doc-type:article 2021 ftnonlinearchiv https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-463-2021 2024-06-26T04:41:37Z A large number of water masses are presented in the Atlantic Ocean, and knowledge of their distributions and properties is important for understanding and monitoring of a range of oceanographic phenomena. The characteristics and distributions of water masses in biogeochemical space are useful for, in particular, chemical and biological oceanography to understand the origin and mixing history of water samples. Here, we define the characteristics of the major water masses in the Atlantic Ocean as source water types (SWTs) from their formation areas, and map out their distributions. The SWTs are described by six properties taken from the biased-adjusted Global Ocean Data Analysis Project version 2 (GLODAPv2) data product, including both conservative (conservative temperature and absolute salinity) and non-conservative (oxygen, silicate, phosphate and nitrate) properties. The distributions of these water masses are investigated with the use of the optimum multi-parameter (OMP) method and mapped out. The Atlantic Ocean is divided into four vertical layers by distinct neutral densities and four zonal layers to guide the identification and characterization. The water masses in the upper layer originate from wintertime subduction and are defined as central waters. Below the upper layer, the intermediate layer consists of three main water masses: Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW), Subarctic Intermediate Water (SAIW) and Mediterranean Water (MW). The North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW, divided into its upper and lower components) is the dominating water mass in the deep and overflow layer. The origin of both the upper and lower NADW is the Labrador Sea Water (LSW), the Iceland–Scotland Overflow Water (ISOW) and the Denmark Strait Overflow Water (DSOW). The Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) is the only natural water mass in the bottom layer, and this water mass is redefined as Northeast Atlantic Bottom Water (NEABW) in the north of the Equator due to the change of key properties, especially silicate. Similar with NADW, two ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Denmark Strait Iceland Labrador Sea NADW North Atlantic Deep Water North Atlantic Northeast Atlantic Subarctic Niedersächsisches Online-Archiv NOA Ocean Science 17 2 463 486 |
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article Verlagsveröffentlichung |
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article Verlagsveröffentlichung Liu, Mian Tanhua, Toste Water masses in the Atlantic Ocean: characteristics and distributions |
topic_facet |
article Verlagsveröffentlichung |
description |
A large number of water masses are presented in the Atlantic Ocean, and knowledge of their distributions and properties is important for understanding and monitoring of a range of oceanographic phenomena. The characteristics and distributions of water masses in biogeochemical space are useful for, in particular, chemical and biological oceanography to understand the origin and mixing history of water samples. Here, we define the characteristics of the major water masses in the Atlantic Ocean as source water types (SWTs) from their formation areas, and map out their distributions. The SWTs are described by six properties taken from the biased-adjusted Global Ocean Data Analysis Project version 2 (GLODAPv2) data product, including both conservative (conservative temperature and absolute salinity) and non-conservative (oxygen, silicate, phosphate and nitrate) properties. The distributions of these water masses are investigated with the use of the optimum multi-parameter (OMP) method and mapped out. The Atlantic Ocean is divided into four vertical layers by distinct neutral densities and four zonal layers to guide the identification and characterization. The water masses in the upper layer originate from wintertime subduction and are defined as central waters. Below the upper layer, the intermediate layer consists of three main water masses: Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW), Subarctic Intermediate Water (SAIW) and Mediterranean Water (MW). The North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW, divided into its upper and lower components) is the dominating water mass in the deep and overflow layer. The origin of both the upper and lower NADW is the Labrador Sea Water (LSW), the Iceland–Scotland Overflow Water (ISOW) and the Denmark Strait Overflow Water (DSOW). The Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) is the only natural water mass in the bottom layer, and this water mass is redefined as Northeast Atlantic Bottom Water (NEABW) in the north of the Equator due to the change of key properties, especially silicate. Similar with NADW, two ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Liu, Mian Tanhua, Toste |
author_facet |
Liu, Mian Tanhua, Toste |
author_sort |
Liu, Mian |
title |
Water masses in the Atlantic Ocean: characteristics and distributions |
title_short |
Water masses in the Atlantic Ocean: characteristics and distributions |
title_full |
Water masses in the Atlantic Ocean: characteristics and distributions |
title_fullStr |
Water masses in the Atlantic Ocean: characteristics and distributions |
title_full_unstemmed |
Water masses in the Atlantic Ocean: characteristics and distributions |
title_sort |
water masses in the atlantic ocean: characteristics and distributions |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-463-2021 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00055927 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00055578/os-17-463-2021.pdf https://os.copernicus.org/articles/17/463/2021/os-17-463-2021.pdf |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Denmark Strait Iceland Labrador Sea NADW North Atlantic Deep Water North Atlantic Northeast Atlantic Subarctic |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Denmark Strait Iceland Labrador Sea NADW North Atlantic Deep Water North Atlantic Northeast Atlantic Subarctic |
op_relation |
Ocean Science -- http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2183769 -- http://www.copernicus.org/EGU/os/os.html -- 1812-0792 https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-463-2021 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00055927 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00055578/os-17-463-2021.pdf https://os.copernicus.org/articles/17/463/2021/os-17-463-2021.pdf |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ uneingeschränkt info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-463-2021 |
container_title |
Ocean Science |
container_volume |
17 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
463 |
op_container_end_page |
486 |
_version_ |
1810486967076388864 |