35 yr of stratospheric aerosol measurements at Garmisch-Partenkirchen: from Fuego to Eyjafjallajökull, and beyond
Lidar measurements at Garmisch-Partenkirchen (Germany) have almost continually delivered backscatter coefficients of stratospheric aerosol since 1976. The time series is dominated by signals from the particles injected into or formed in the stratosphere due to major volcanic eruptions, in particular...
Published in: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2013
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-5205-2013 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00045564 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00045184/acp-13-5205-2013.pdf https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/13/5205/2013/acp-13-5205-2013.pdf |
id |
ftnonlinearchiv:oai:noa.gwlb.de:cop_mods_00045564 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftnonlinearchiv:oai:noa.gwlb.de:cop_mods_00045564 2023-05-15T16:09:34+02:00 35 yr of stratospheric aerosol measurements at Garmisch-Partenkirchen: from Fuego to Eyjafjallajökull, and beyond Trickl, T. Giehl, H. Jäger, H. Vogelmann, H. 2013-05 electronic https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-5205-2013 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00045564 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00045184/acp-13-5205-2013.pdf https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/13/5205/2013/acp-13-5205-2013.pdf eng eng Copernicus Publications Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics -- http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/volumes_and_issues.html -- http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2069847 -- 1680-7324 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-5205-2013 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00045564 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00045184/acp-13-5205-2013.pdf https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/13/5205/2013/acp-13-5205-2013.pdf uneingeschränkt info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess article Verlagsveröffentlichung article Text doc-type:article 2013 ftnonlinearchiv https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-5205-2013 2022-02-08T22:39:30Z Lidar measurements at Garmisch-Partenkirchen (Germany) have almost continually delivered backscatter coefficients of stratospheric aerosol since 1976. The time series is dominated by signals from the particles injected into or formed in the stratosphere due to major volcanic eruptions, in particular those of El Chichon (Mexico, 1982) and Mt Pinatubo (Philippines, 1991). Here, we focus more on the long-lasting background period since the late 1990s and 2006, in view of processes maintaining a residual lower-stratospheric aerosol layer in absence of major eruptions, as well as the period of moderate volcanic impact afterwards. During the long background period the stratospheric backscatter coefficients reached a level even below that observed in the late 1970s. This suggests that the predicted potential influence of the strongly growing air traffic on the stratospheric aerosol loading is very low. Some correlation may be found with single strong forest-fire events, but the average influence of biomass burning seems to be quite limited. No positive trend in background aerosol can be resolved over a period as long as that observed by lidar at Mauna Loa. We conclude that the increase of our integrated backscatter coefficients starting in 2008 is mostly due to volcanic eruptions with explosivity index 4, penetrating strongly into the stratosphere. Most of them occurred in the mid-latitudes. A key observation for judging the role of eruptions just reaching the tropopause region was that of the plume from the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull above Garmisch-Partenkirchen (April 2010) due to the proximity of that source. The top altitude of the ash above the volcano was reported just as 9.3 km, but the lidar measurements revealed enhanced stratospheric aerosol up to 14.3 km. Our analysis suggests for two or three of the four measurement days the presence of a stratospheric contribution from Iceland related to quasi-horizontal transport, differing from the strong descent of the layers entering Central Europe at low altitudes. The backscatter coefficients within the first 2 km above the tropopause exceed the stratospheric background by a factor of four to five. In addition, Asian and Saharan dust layers were identified in the free troposphere, Asian dust most likely even in the stratosphere. Article in Journal/Newspaper Eyjafjallajökull Iceland Niedersächsisches Online-Archiv NOA Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13 10 5205 5225 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Niedersächsisches Online-Archiv NOA |
op_collection_id |
ftnonlinearchiv |
language |
English |
topic |
article Verlagsveröffentlichung |
spellingShingle |
article Verlagsveröffentlichung Trickl, T. Giehl, H. Jäger, H. Vogelmann, H. 35 yr of stratospheric aerosol measurements at Garmisch-Partenkirchen: from Fuego to Eyjafjallajökull, and beyond |
topic_facet |
article Verlagsveröffentlichung |
description |
Lidar measurements at Garmisch-Partenkirchen (Germany) have almost continually delivered backscatter coefficients of stratospheric aerosol since 1976. The time series is dominated by signals from the particles injected into or formed in the stratosphere due to major volcanic eruptions, in particular those of El Chichon (Mexico, 1982) and Mt Pinatubo (Philippines, 1991). Here, we focus more on the long-lasting background period since the late 1990s and 2006, in view of processes maintaining a residual lower-stratospheric aerosol layer in absence of major eruptions, as well as the period of moderate volcanic impact afterwards. During the long background period the stratospheric backscatter coefficients reached a level even below that observed in the late 1970s. This suggests that the predicted potential influence of the strongly growing air traffic on the stratospheric aerosol loading is very low. Some correlation may be found with single strong forest-fire events, but the average influence of biomass burning seems to be quite limited. No positive trend in background aerosol can be resolved over a period as long as that observed by lidar at Mauna Loa. We conclude that the increase of our integrated backscatter coefficients starting in 2008 is mostly due to volcanic eruptions with explosivity index 4, penetrating strongly into the stratosphere. Most of them occurred in the mid-latitudes. A key observation for judging the role of eruptions just reaching the tropopause region was that of the plume from the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull above Garmisch-Partenkirchen (April 2010) due to the proximity of that source. The top altitude of the ash above the volcano was reported just as 9.3 km, but the lidar measurements revealed enhanced stratospheric aerosol up to 14.3 km. Our analysis suggests for two or three of the four measurement days the presence of a stratospheric contribution from Iceland related to quasi-horizontal transport, differing from the strong descent of the layers entering Central Europe at low altitudes. The backscatter coefficients within the first 2 km above the tropopause exceed the stratospheric background by a factor of four to five. In addition, Asian and Saharan dust layers were identified in the free troposphere, Asian dust most likely even in the stratosphere. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Trickl, T. Giehl, H. Jäger, H. Vogelmann, H. |
author_facet |
Trickl, T. Giehl, H. Jäger, H. Vogelmann, H. |
author_sort |
Trickl, T. |
title |
35 yr of stratospheric aerosol measurements at Garmisch-Partenkirchen: from Fuego to Eyjafjallajökull, and beyond |
title_short |
35 yr of stratospheric aerosol measurements at Garmisch-Partenkirchen: from Fuego to Eyjafjallajökull, and beyond |
title_full |
35 yr of stratospheric aerosol measurements at Garmisch-Partenkirchen: from Fuego to Eyjafjallajökull, and beyond |
title_fullStr |
35 yr of stratospheric aerosol measurements at Garmisch-Partenkirchen: from Fuego to Eyjafjallajökull, and beyond |
title_full_unstemmed |
35 yr of stratospheric aerosol measurements at Garmisch-Partenkirchen: from Fuego to Eyjafjallajökull, and beyond |
title_sort |
35 yr of stratospheric aerosol measurements at garmisch-partenkirchen: from fuego to eyjafjallajökull, and beyond |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-5205-2013 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00045564 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00045184/acp-13-5205-2013.pdf https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/13/5205/2013/acp-13-5205-2013.pdf |
genre |
Eyjafjallajökull Iceland |
genre_facet |
Eyjafjallajökull Iceland |
op_relation |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics -- http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/volumes_and_issues.html -- http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2069847 -- 1680-7324 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-5205-2013 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00045564 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00045184/acp-13-5205-2013.pdf https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/13/5205/2013/acp-13-5205-2013.pdf |
op_rights |
uneingeschränkt info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-5205-2013 |
container_title |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
container_volume |
13 |
container_issue |
10 |
container_start_page |
5205 |
op_container_end_page |
5225 |
_version_ |
1766405434011287552 |