Trends in new particle formation in eastern Lapland, Finland: effect of decreasing sulfur emissions from Kola Peninsula
The smelter industry in Kola Peninsula is the largest source of anthropogenic SO2 in the Arctic part of Europe and one of the largest within the Arctic domain. Due to socio-economic changes in Russia, the emissions have been decreasing especially since the late 1990s resulting in decreased SO2 conce...
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2014
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ftnonlinearchiv:oai:noa.gwlb.de:cop_mods_00045045 2023-05-15T15:02:09+02:00 Trends in new particle formation in eastern Lapland, Finland: effect of decreasing sulfur emissions from Kola Peninsula Kyrö, E.-M. Väänänen, R. Kerminen, V.-M. Virkkula, A. Petäjä, T. Asmi, A. Dal Maso, M. Nieminen, T. Juhola, S. Shcherbinin, A. Riipinen, I. Lehtipalo, K. Keronen, P. Aalto, P. P. Hari, P. Kulmala, M. 2014-05 electronic https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-4383-2014 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00045045 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00044665/acp-14-4383-2014.pdf https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/14/4383/2014/acp-14-4383-2014.pdf eng eng Copernicus Publications Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics -- http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/volumes_and_issues.html -- http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2069847 -- 1680-7324 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-4383-2014 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00045045 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00044665/acp-14-4383-2014.pdf https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/14/4383/2014/acp-14-4383-2014.pdf uneingeschränkt info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess article Verlagsveröffentlichung article Text doc-type:article 2014 ftnonlinearchiv https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-4383-2014 2022-02-08T22:39:45Z The smelter industry in Kola Peninsula is the largest source of anthropogenic SO2 in the Arctic part of Europe and one of the largest within the Arctic domain. Due to socio-economic changes in Russia, the emissions have been decreasing especially since the late 1990s resulting in decreased SO2 concentrations close to Kola in eastern Lapland, Finland. At the same time, the frequency of new particle formation days has been decreasing distinctively at SMEAR I station in eastern Lapland, especially during spring and autumn. We show that sulfur species, namely sulfur dioxide and sulfuric acid, have an important role in both new particle formation and subsequent growth and that the decrease in new particle formation days is a result of the reduction of sulfur emissions originating from Kola Peninsula. In addition to sulfur species, there are many other quantities, such as formation rate of aerosol particles, condensation sink and nucleation mode particle number concentration, which are related to the number of observed new particle formation (NPF) days and need to be addressed when linking sulfur emissions and NPF. We show that while most of these quantities exhibit statistically significant trends, the reduction in Kola sulfur emissions is the most obvious reason for the rapid decline in NPF days. Sulfuric acid explains approximately 20–50% of the aerosol condensational growth observed at SMEAR I, and there is a large seasonal variation with highest values obtained during spring and autumn. We found that (i) particles form earlier after sunrise during late winter and early spring due to high concentrations of SO2 and H2SO4; (ii) several events occurred during the absence of light, and they were connected to higher than average concentrations of SO2; and (iii) high SO2 concentrations could advance the onset of nucleation by several hours. Moreover, air masses coming over Kola Peninsula seemed to favour new particle formation. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic kola peninsula Lapland Niedersächsisches Online-Archiv NOA Arctic Kola Peninsula Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14 9 4383 4396 |
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Niedersächsisches Online-Archiv NOA |
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language |
English |
topic |
article Verlagsveröffentlichung |
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article Verlagsveröffentlichung Kyrö, E.-M. Väänänen, R. Kerminen, V.-M. Virkkula, A. Petäjä, T. Asmi, A. Dal Maso, M. Nieminen, T. Juhola, S. Shcherbinin, A. Riipinen, I. Lehtipalo, K. Keronen, P. Aalto, P. P. Hari, P. Kulmala, M. Trends in new particle formation in eastern Lapland, Finland: effect of decreasing sulfur emissions from Kola Peninsula |
topic_facet |
article Verlagsveröffentlichung |
description |
The smelter industry in Kola Peninsula is the largest source of anthropogenic SO2 in the Arctic part of Europe and one of the largest within the Arctic domain. Due to socio-economic changes in Russia, the emissions have been decreasing especially since the late 1990s resulting in decreased SO2 concentrations close to Kola in eastern Lapland, Finland. At the same time, the frequency of new particle formation days has been decreasing distinctively at SMEAR I station in eastern Lapland, especially during spring and autumn. We show that sulfur species, namely sulfur dioxide and sulfuric acid, have an important role in both new particle formation and subsequent growth and that the decrease in new particle formation days is a result of the reduction of sulfur emissions originating from Kola Peninsula. In addition to sulfur species, there are many other quantities, such as formation rate of aerosol particles, condensation sink and nucleation mode particle number concentration, which are related to the number of observed new particle formation (NPF) days and need to be addressed when linking sulfur emissions and NPF. We show that while most of these quantities exhibit statistically significant trends, the reduction in Kola sulfur emissions is the most obvious reason for the rapid decline in NPF days. Sulfuric acid explains approximately 20–50% of the aerosol condensational growth observed at SMEAR I, and there is a large seasonal variation with highest values obtained during spring and autumn. We found that (i) particles form earlier after sunrise during late winter and early spring due to high concentrations of SO2 and H2SO4; (ii) several events occurred during the absence of light, and they were connected to higher than average concentrations of SO2; and (iii) high SO2 concentrations could advance the onset of nucleation by several hours. Moreover, air masses coming over Kola Peninsula seemed to favour new particle formation. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Kyrö, E.-M. Väänänen, R. Kerminen, V.-M. Virkkula, A. Petäjä, T. Asmi, A. Dal Maso, M. Nieminen, T. Juhola, S. Shcherbinin, A. Riipinen, I. Lehtipalo, K. Keronen, P. Aalto, P. P. Hari, P. Kulmala, M. |
author_facet |
Kyrö, E.-M. Väänänen, R. Kerminen, V.-M. Virkkula, A. Petäjä, T. Asmi, A. Dal Maso, M. Nieminen, T. Juhola, S. Shcherbinin, A. Riipinen, I. Lehtipalo, K. Keronen, P. Aalto, P. P. Hari, P. Kulmala, M. |
author_sort |
Kyrö, E.-M. |
title |
Trends in new particle formation in eastern Lapland, Finland: effect of decreasing sulfur emissions from Kola Peninsula |
title_short |
Trends in new particle formation in eastern Lapland, Finland: effect of decreasing sulfur emissions from Kola Peninsula |
title_full |
Trends in new particle formation in eastern Lapland, Finland: effect of decreasing sulfur emissions from Kola Peninsula |
title_fullStr |
Trends in new particle formation in eastern Lapland, Finland: effect of decreasing sulfur emissions from Kola Peninsula |
title_full_unstemmed |
Trends in new particle formation in eastern Lapland, Finland: effect of decreasing sulfur emissions from Kola Peninsula |
title_sort |
trends in new particle formation in eastern lapland, finland: effect of decreasing sulfur emissions from kola peninsula |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-4383-2014 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00045045 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00044665/acp-14-4383-2014.pdf https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/14/4383/2014/acp-14-4383-2014.pdf |
geographic |
Arctic Kola Peninsula |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Kola Peninsula |
genre |
Arctic kola peninsula Lapland |
genre_facet |
Arctic kola peninsula Lapland |
op_relation |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics -- http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/volumes_and_issues.html -- http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2069847 -- 1680-7324 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-4383-2014 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00045045 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00044665/acp-14-4383-2014.pdf https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/14/4383/2014/acp-14-4383-2014.pdf |
op_rights |
uneingeschränkt info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-4383-2014 |
container_title |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
container_volume |
14 |
container_issue |
9 |
container_start_page |
4383 |
op_container_end_page |
4396 |
_version_ |
1766334143631720448 |