Wintertime enhancements of sea salt aerosol in polar regions consistent with a sea ice source from blowing snow
Sea salt aerosols (SSA) are generated via air bubbles bursting at the ocean surface as well as by wind mobilization of saline snow and frost flowers over sea-ice-covered areas. The relative magnitude of these sources remains poorly constrained over polar regions, affecting our ability to predict the...
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Copernicus Publications
2017
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ftnonlinearchiv:oai:noa.gwlb.de:cop_mods_00042616 2023-05-15T14:02:33+02:00 Wintertime enhancements of sea salt aerosol in polar regions consistent with a sea ice source from blowing snow Huang, Jiayue Jaeglé, Lyatt 2017-03 electronic https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3699-2017 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00042616 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00042236/acp-17-3699-2017.pdf https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/17/3699/2017/acp-17-3699-2017.pdf eng eng Copernicus Publications Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics -- http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/volumes_and_issues.html -- http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2069847 -- 1680-7324 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3699-2017 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00042616 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00042236/acp-17-3699-2017.pdf https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/17/3699/2017/acp-17-3699-2017.pdf uneingeschränkt info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess article Verlagsveröffentlichung article Text doc-type:article 2017 ftnonlinearchiv https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3699-2017 2022-02-08T22:40:58Z Sea salt aerosols (SSA) are generated via air bubbles bursting at the ocean surface as well as by wind mobilization of saline snow and frost flowers over sea-ice-covered areas. The relative magnitude of these sources remains poorly constrained over polar regions, affecting our ability to predict their impact on halogen chemistry, cloud formation, and climate. We implement a blowing snow and a frost flower emission scheme in the GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model, which we validate against multiyear (2001–2008) in situ observations of SSA mass concentrations at three sites in the Arctic, two sites in coastal Antarctica, and from the 2008 ICEALOT cruise in the Arctic. A simulation including only open ocean emissions underestimates SSA mass concentrations by factors of 2–10 during winter–spring for all ground-based and ship-based observations. When blowing snow emissions are added, the model is able to reproduce observed wintertime SSA concentrations, with the model bias decreasing from a range of −80 to −34 % for the open ocean simulation to −2 to +9 % for the simulation with blowing snow emissions. We find that the frost flower parameterization cannot fully explain the high wintertime concentrations and displays a seasonal cycle decreasing too rapidly in early spring. Furthermore, the high day-to-day variability of observed SSA is better reproduced by the blowing snow parameterization. Over the Arctic (> 60° N) (Antarctic, > 60° S), we calculate that submicron SSA emissions from blowing snow account for 1.0 Tg yr−1 (2.5 Tg yr−1), while frost flower emissions lead to 0.21 Tg yr−1 (0.25 Tg yr−1) compared to 0.78 Tg yr−1 (1.0 Tg yr−1) from the open ocean. Blowing snow emissions are largest in regions where persistent strong winds occur over sea ice (east of Greenland, over the central Arctic, Beaufort Sea, and the Ross and Weddell seas). In contrast, frost flower emissions are largest where cold air temperatures and open leads are co-located (over the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, coastal regions of Siberia, and off the Ross and Ronne ice shelves). Overall, in situ observations of mass concentrations of SSA suggest that blowing snow is likely to be the dominant SSA source during winter, with frost flowers playing a much smaller role. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Arctic Archipelago Arctic Beaufort Sea Canadian Arctic Archipelago Greenland Ice Shelves Sea ice ice covered areas Siberia Niedersächsisches Online-Archiv NOA Antarctic Arctic Canadian Arctic Archipelago Greenland Weddell Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17 5 3699 3712 |
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Niedersächsisches Online-Archiv NOA |
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English |
topic |
article Verlagsveröffentlichung |
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article Verlagsveröffentlichung Huang, Jiayue Jaeglé, Lyatt Wintertime enhancements of sea salt aerosol in polar regions consistent with a sea ice source from blowing snow |
topic_facet |
article Verlagsveröffentlichung |
description |
Sea salt aerosols (SSA) are generated via air bubbles bursting at the ocean surface as well as by wind mobilization of saline snow and frost flowers over sea-ice-covered areas. The relative magnitude of these sources remains poorly constrained over polar regions, affecting our ability to predict their impact on halogen chemistry, cloud formation, and climate. We implement a blowing snow and a frost flower emission scheme in the GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model, which we validate against multiyear (2001–2008) in situ observations of SSA mass concentrations at three sites in the Arctic, two sites in coastal Antarctica, and from the 2008 ICEALOT cruise in the Arctic. A simulation including only open ocean emissions underestimates SSA mass concentrations by factors of 2–10 during winter–spring for all ground-based and ship-based observations. When blowing snow emissions are added, the model is able to reproduce observed wintertime SSA concentrations, with the model bias decreasing from a range of −80 to −34 % for the open ocean simulation to −2 to +9 % for the simulation with blowing snow emissions. We find that the frost flower parameterization cannot fully explain the high wintertime concentrations and displays a seasonal cycle decreasing too rapidly in early spring. Furthermore, the high day-to-day variability of observed SSA is better reproduced by the blowing snow parameterization. Over the Arctic (> 60° N) (Antarctic, > 60° S), we calculate that submicron SSA emissions from blowing snow account for 1.0 Tg yr−1 (2.5 Tg yr−1), while frost flower emissions lead to 0.21 Tg yr−1 (0.25 Tg yr−1) compared to 0.78 Tg yr−1 (1.0 Tg yr−1) from the open ocean. Blowing snow emissions are largest in regions where persistent strong winds occur over sea ice (east of Greenland, over the central Arctic, Beaufort Sea, and the Ross and Weddell seas). In contrast, frost flower emissions are largest where cold air temperatures and open leads are co-located (over the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, coastal regions of Siberia, and off the Ross and Ronne ice shelves). Overall, in situ observations of mass concentrations of SSA suggest that blowing snow is likely to be the dominant SSA source during winter, with frost flowers playing a much smaller role. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Huang, Jiayue Jaeglé, Lyatt |
author_facet |
Huang, Jiayue Jaeglé, Lyatt |
author_sort |
Huang, Jiayue |
title |
Wintertime enhancements of sea salt aerosol in polar regions consistent with a sea ice source from blowing snow |
title_short |
Wintertime enhancements of sea salt aerosol in polar regions consistent with a sea ice source from blowing snow |
title_full |
Wintertime enhancements of sea salt aerosol in polar regions consistent with a sea ice source from blowing snow |
title_fullStr |
Wintertime enhancements of sea salt aerosol in polar regions consistent with a sea ice source from blowing snow |
title_full_unstemmed |
Wintertime enhancements of sea salt aerosol in polar regions consistent with a sea ice source from blowing snow |
title_sort |
wintertime enhancements of sea salt aerosol in polar regions consistent with a sea ice source from blowing snow |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3699-2017 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00042616 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00042236/acp-17-3699-2017.pdf https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/17/3699/2017/acp-17-3699-2017.pdf |
geographic |
Antarctic Arctic Canadian Arctic Archipelago Greenland Weddell |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Arctic Canadian Arctic Archipelago Greenland Weddell |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Arctic Archipelago Arctic Beaufort Sea Canadian Arctic Archipelago Greenland Ice Shelves Sea ice ice covered areas Siberia |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Arctic Archipelago Arctic Beaufort Sea Canadian Arctic Archipelago Greenland Ice Shelves Sea ice ice covered areas Siberia |
op_relation |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics -- http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/volumes_and_issues.html -- http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2069847 -- 1680-7324 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3699-2017 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00042616 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00042236/acp-17-3699-2017.pdf https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/17/3699/2017/acp-17-3699-2017.pdf |
op_rights |
uneingeschränkt info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3699-2017 |
container_title |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
container_volume |
17 |
container_issue |
5 |
container_start_page |
3699 |
op_container_end_page |
3712 |
_version_ |
1766272858204405760 |