Effects of the Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen process on global black carbon distribution
We systematically investigate the effects of Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen process (hereafter WBF) on black carbon (BC) scavenging efficiency, surface BCair, deposition flux, concentration in snow (BCsnow, ng g−1), and washout ratio using a global 3-D chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem). We differenti...
Published in: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
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Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2017
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7459-2017 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00042373 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00041993/acp-17-7459-2017.pdf https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/17/7459/2017/acp-17-7459-2017.pdf |
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article Verlagsveröffentlichung Qi, Ling Li, Qinbin He, Cenlin Wang, Xin Huang, Jianping Effects of the Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen process on global black carbon distribution |
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article Verlagsveröffentlichung |
description |
We systematically investigate the effects of Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen process (hereafter WBF) on black carbon (BC) scavenging efficiency, surface BCair, deposition flux, concentration in snow (BCsnow, ng g−1), and washout ratio using a global 3-D chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem). We differentiate riming- versus WBF-dominated in-cloud scavenging based on liquid water content (LWC) and temperature. Specifically, we implement an implied WBF parameterization using either temperature or ice mass fraction (IMF) in mixed-phase clouds based on field measurements. We find that at Jungfraujoch, Switzerland, and Abisko, Sweden, where WBF dominates in-cloud scavenging, including the WBF effect strongly reduces the discrepancies of simulated BC scavenging efficiency and washout ratio against observations (from a factor of 3 to 10 % and from a factor of 4–5 to a factor of 2). However, at Zeppelin, Norway, where riming dominates, simulation of BC scavenging efficiency, BCair, and washout ratio become worse (relative to observations) when WBF is included. There is thus an urgent need for extensive observations to distinguish and characterize riming- versus WBF-dominated aerosol scavenging in mixed-phase clouds and the associated BC scavenging efficiency. Our model results show that including the WBF effect lowers global BC scavenging efficiency, with a higher reduction at higher latitudes (8 % in the tropics and up to 76 % in the Arctic). The resulting annual mean BCair increases by up to 156 % at high altitudes and at northern high latitudes because of lower temperature and higher IMF. Overall, WBF halves the model–observation discrepancy (from −65 to −30 %) of BCair across North America, Europe, China and the Arctic. Globally WBF increases BC burden from 0.22 to 0.29–0.35 mg m−2 yr−1, which partially explains the gap between observed and previous model-simulated BC burdens over land. In addition, WBF significantly increases BC lifetime from 5.7 to ∼ 8 days. Additionally, WBF results in a significant redistribution of BC deposition in source and remote regions. Specifically, it lowers BC wet deposition (by 37–63 % at northern mid-latitudes and by 21–29 % in the Arctic), while it increases dry deposition (by 3–16 % at mid-latitudes and by 81–159 % in the Arctic). The resulting total BC deposition is lower at mid-latitudes (by 12–34 %) but higher in the Arctic (by 2–29 %). We find that WBF decreases BCsnow at mid-latitudes (by ∼ 15 %) but increases it in the Arctic (by 26 %) while improving model comparisons with observations. In addition, WBF dramatically reduces the model–observation discrepancy of washout ratios in winter (from a factor of 16 to 4). The remaining discrepancies in BCair, BCsnow and BC washout ratios suggest that in-cloud removal in mixed-phased clouds is likely still excessive over land. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Qi, Ling Li, Qinbin He, Cenlin Wang, Xin Huang, Jianping |
author_facet |
Qi, Ling Li, Qinbin He, Cenlin Wang, Xin Huang, Jianping |
author_sort |
Qi, Ling |
title |
Effects of the Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen process on global black carbon distribution |
title_short |
Effects of the Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen process on global black carbon distribution |
title_full |
Effects of the Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen process on global black carbon distribution |
title_fullStr |
Effects of the Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen process on global black carbon distribution |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effects of the Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen process on global black carbon distribution |
title_sort |
effects of the wegener–bergeron–findeisen process on global black carbon distribution |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7459-2017 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00042373 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00041993/acp-17-7459-2017.pdf https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/17/7459/2017/acp-17-7459-2017.pdf |
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ENVELOPE(18.829,18.829,68.349,68.349) |
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Abisko Arctic Norway |
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Abisko Arctic Norway |
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Abisko Arctic black carbon |
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Abisko Arctic black carbon |
op_relation |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics -- http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/volumes_and_issues.html -- http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2069847 -- 1680-7324 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7459-2017 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00042373 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00041993/acp-17-7459-2017.pdf https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/17/7459/2017/acp-17-7459-2017.pdf |
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uneingeschränkt info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7459-2017 |
container_title |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
container_volume |
17 |
container_issue |
12 |
container_start_page |
7459 |
op_container_end_page |
7479 |
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1766157160226488320 |
spelling |
ftnonlinearchiv:oai:noa.gwlb.de:cop_mods_00042373 2023-05-15T12:59:59+02:00 Effects of the Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen process on global black carbon distribution Qi, Ling Li, Qinbin He, Cenlin Wang, Xin Huang, Jianping 2017-06 electronic https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7459-2017 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00042373 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00041993/acp-17-7459-2017.pdf https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/17/7459/2017/acp-17-7459-2017.pdf eng eng Copernicus Publications Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics -- http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/volumes_and_issues.html -- http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2069847 -- 1680-7324 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7459-2017 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00042373 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00041993/acp-17-7459-2017.pdf https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/17/7459/2017/acp-17-7459-2017.pdf uneingeschränkt info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess article Verlagsveröffentlichung article Text doc-type:article 2017 ftnonlinearchiv https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7459-2017 2022-02-08T22:41:06Z We systematically investigate the effects of Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen process (hereafter WBF) on black carbon (BC) scavenging efficiency, surface BCair, deposition flux, concentration in snow (BCsnow, ng g−1), and washout ratio using a global 3-D chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem). We differentiate riming- versus WBF-dominated in-cloud scavenging based on liquid water content (LWC) and temperature. Specifically, we implement an implied WBF parameterization using either temperature or ice mass fraction (IMF) in mixed-phase clouds based on field measurements. We find that at Jungfraujoch, Switzerland, and Abisko, Sweden, where WBF dominates in-cloud scavenging, including the WBF effect strongly reduces the discrepancies of simulated BC scavenging efficiency and washout ratio against observations (from a factor of 3 to 10 % and from a factor of 4–5 to a factor of 2). However, at Zeppelin, Norway, where riming dominates, simulation of BC scavenging efficiency, BCair, and washout ratio become worse (relative to observations) when WBF is included. There is thus an urgent need for extensive observations to distinguish and characterize riming- versus WBF-dominated aerosol scavenging in mixed-phase clouds and the associated BC scavenging efficiency. Our model results show that including the WBF effect lowers global BC scavenging efficiency, with a higher reduction at higher latitudes (8 % in the tropics and up to 76 % in the Arctic). The resulting annual mean BCair increases by up to 156 % at high altitudes and at northern high latitudes because of lower temperature and higher IMF. Overall, WBF halves the model–observation discrepancy (from −65 to −30 %) of BCair across North America, Europe, China and the Arctic. Globally WBF increases BC burden from 0.22 to 0.29–0.35 mg m−2 yr−1, which partially explains the gap between observed and previous model-simulated BC burdens over land. In addition, WBF significantly increases BC lifetime from 5.7 to ∼ 8 days. Additionally, WBF results in a significant redistribution of BC deposition in source and remote regions. Specifically, it lowers BC wet deposition (by 37–63 % at northern mid-latitudes and by 21–29 % in the Arctic), while it increases dry deposition (by 3–16 % at mid-latitudes and by 81–159 % in the Arctic). The resulting total BC deposition is lower at mid-latitudes (by 12–34 %) but higher in the Arctic (by 2–29 %). We find that WBF decreases BCsnow at mid-latitudes (by ∼ 15 %) but increases it in the Arctic (by 26 %) while improving model comparisons with observations. In addition, WBF dramatically reduces the model–observation discrepancy of washout ratios in winter (from a factor of 16 to 4). The remaining discrepancies in BCair, BCsnow and BC washout ratios suggest that in-cloud removal in mixed-phased clouds is likely still excessive over land. Article in Journal/Newspaper Abisko Arctic black carbon Niedersächsisches Online-Archiv NOA Abisko ENVELOPE(18.829,18.829,68.349,68.349) Arctic Norway Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17 12 7459 7479 |