Continuous non-marine inputs of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances to the High Arctic: a multi-decadal temporal record
Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are persistent, in some cases, bioaccumulative compounds found ubiquitously within the environment. They can be formed from the atmospheric oxidation of volatile precursor compounds and undergo long-range transport (LRT) through the atmosphere and ocean to remote locatio...
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ftnonlinearchiv:oai:noa.gwlb.de:cop_mods_00041834 2023-05-15T15:03:52+02:00 Continuous non-marine inputs of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances to the High Arctic: a multi-decadal temporal record Pickard, Heidi M. Criscitiello, Alison S. Spencer, Christine Sharp, Martin J. Muir, Derek C. G. De Silva, Amila O. Young, Cora J. 2018-04 electronic https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-5045-2018 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00041834 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00041454/acp-18-5045-2018.pdf https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/18/5045/2018/acp-18-5045-2018.pdf eng eng Copernicus Publications Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics -- http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/volumes_and_issues.html -- http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2069847 -- 1680-7324 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-5045-2018 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00041834 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00041454/acp-18-5045-2018.pdf https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/18/5045/2018/acp-18-5045-2018.pdf https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ uneingeschränkt info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC-BY article Verlagsveröffentlichung article Text doc-type:article 2018 ftnonlinearchiv https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-5045-2018 2022-02-08T22:41:21Z Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are persistent, in some cases, bioaccumulative compounds found ubiquitously within the environment. They can be formed from the atmospheric oxidation of volatile precursor compounds and undergo long-range transport (LRT) through the atmosphere and ocean to remote locations. Ice caps preserve a temporal record of PFAA deposition making them useful in studying the atmospheric trends in LRT of PFAAs in polar or mountainous regions, as well as in understanding major pollutant sources and production changes over time. A 15 m ice core representing 38 years of deposition (1977–2015) was collected from the Devon Ice Cap in Nunavut, providing us with the first multi-decadal temporal ice record in PFAA deposition to the Arctic. Ice core samples were concentrated using solid phase extraction and analyzed by liquid and ion chromatography methods. Both perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSAs) were detected in the samples, with fluxes ranging from < LOD to 141 ng m−2 yr−1. Our results demonstrate that the PFCAs and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) have continuous and increasing deposition on the Devon Ice Cap, despite recent North American and international regulations and phase-outs. We propose that this is the result of on-going manufacture, use and emissions of these compounds, their precursors and other newly unidentified compounds in regions outside of North America. By modelling air mass transport densities, and comparing temporal trends in deposition with production changes of possible sources, we find that Eurasian sources, particularly from Continental Asia, are large contributors to the global pollutants impacting the Devon Ice Cap. Comparison of PFAAs to their precursors and correlations of PFCA pairs showed that deposition of PFAAs is dominated by atmospheric formation from volatile precursor sources. Major ion analysis confirmed that marine aerosol inputs are unimportant to the long-range transport mechanisms of these compounds. Assessments of deposition, homologue profiles, ion tracers, air mass transport models, and production and regulation trends allow us to characterize the PFAA depositional profile on the Devon Ice Cap and further understand the LRT mechanisms of these persistent pollutants. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Ice cap ice core Nunavut Niedersächsisches Online-Archiv NOA Arctic Devon Ice Cap ENVELOPE(-82.499,-82.499,75.335,75.335) Nunavut Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18 7 5045 5058 |
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Niedersächsisches Online-Archiv NOA |
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English |
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article Verlagsveröffentlichung Pickard, Heidi M. Criscitiello, Alison S. Spencer, Christine Sharp, Martin J. Muir, Derek C. G. De Silva, Amila O. Young, Cora J. Continuous non-marine inputs of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances to the High Arctic: a multi-decadal temporal record |
topic_facet |
article Verlagsveröffentlichung |
description |
Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are persistent, in some cases, bioaccumulative compounds found ubiquitously within the environment. They can be formed from the atmospheric oxidation of volatile precursor compounds and undergo long-range transport (LRT) through the atmosphere and ocean to remote locations. Ice caps preserve a temporal record of PFAA deposition making them useful in studying the atmospheric trends in LRT of PFAAs in polar or mountainous regions, as well as in understanding major pollutant sources and production changes over time. A 15 m ice core representing 38 years of deposition (1977–2015) was collected from the Devon Ice Cap in Nunavut, providing us with the first multi-decadal temporal ice record in PFAA deposition to the Arctic. Ice core samples were concentrated using solid phase extraction and analyzed by liquid and ion chromatography methods. Both perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSAs) were detected in the samples, with fluxes ranging from < LOD to 141 ng m−2 yr−1. Our results demonstrate that the PFCAs and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) have continuous and increasing deposition on the Devon Ice Cap, despite recent North American and international regulations and phase-outs. We propose that this is the result of on-going manufacture, use and emissions of these compounds, their precursors and other newly unidentified compounds in regions outside of North America. By modelling air mass transport densities, and comparing temporal trends in deposition with production changes of possible sources, we find that Eurasian sources, particularly from Continental Asia, are large contributors to the global pollutants impacting the Devon Ice Cap. Comparison of PFAAs to their precursors and correlations of PFCA pairs showed that deposition of PFAAs is dominated by atmospheric formation from volatile precursor sources. Major ion analysis confirmed that marine aerosol inputs are unimportant to the long-range transport mechanisms of these compounds. Assessments of deposition, homologue profiles, ion tracers, air mass transport models, and production and regulation trends allow us to characterize the PFAA depositional profile on the Devon Ice Cap and further understand the LRT mechanisms of these persistent pollutants. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Pickard, Heidi M. Criscitiello, Alison S. Spencer, Christine Sharp, Martin J. Muir, Derek C. G. De Silva, Amila O. Young, Cora J. |
author_facet |
Pickard, Heidi M. Criscitiello, Alison S. Spencer, Christine Sharp, Martin J. Muir, Derek C. G. De Silva, Amila O. Young, Cora J. |
author_sort |
Pickard, Heidi M. |
title |
Continuous non-marine inputs of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances to the High Arctic: a multi-decadal temporal record |
title_short |
Continuous non-marine inputs of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances to the High Arctic: a multi-decadal temporal record |
title_full |
Continuous non-marine inputs of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances to the High Arctic: a multi-decadal temporal record |
title_fullStr |
Continuous non-marine inputs of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances to the High Arctic: a multi-decadal temporal record |
title_full_unstemmed |
Continuous non-marine inputs of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances to the High Arctic: a multi-decadal temporal record |
title_sort |
continuous non-marine inputs of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances to the high arctic: a multi-decadal temporal record |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-5045-2018 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00041834 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00041454/acp-18-5045-2018.pdf https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/18/5045/2018/acp-18-5045-2018.pdf |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-82.499,-82.499,75.335,75.335) |
geographic |
Arctic Devon Ice Cap Nunavut |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Devon Ice Cap Nunavut |
genre |
Arctic Ice cap ice core Nunavut |
genre_facet |
Arctic Ice cap ice core Nunavut |
op_relation |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics -- http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/volumes_and_issues.html -- http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2069847 -- 1680-7324 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-5045-2018 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00041834 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00041454/acp-18-5045-2018.pdf https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/18/5045/2018/acp-18-5045-2018.pdf |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ uneingeschränkt info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-5045-2018 |
container_title |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
container_volume |
18 |
container_issue |
7 |
container_start_page |
5045 |
op_container_end_page |
5058 |
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1766335706634911744 |