Revisiting the contribution of land transport and shipping emissions to tropospheric ozone
We quantify the contribution of land transport and shipping emissions to tropospheric ozone for the first time with a chemistry–climate model including an advanced tagging method (also known as source apportionment), which considers not only the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx, NO, and NO2), carbo...
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Copernicus Publications
2018
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article Verlagsveröffentlichung Mertens, Mariano Grewe, Volker Rieger, Vanessa S. Jöckel, Patrick Revisiting the contribution of land transport and shipping emissions to tropospheric ozone |
topic_facet |
article Verlagsveröffentlichung |
description |
We quantify the contribution of land transport and shipping emissions to tropospheric ozone for the first time with a chemistry–climate model including an advanced tagging method (also known as source apportionment), which considers not only the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx, NO, and NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and volatile organic compounds (VOC) separately, but also their non-linear interaction in producing ozone. For summer conditions a contribution of land transport emissions to ground-level ozone of up to 18 % in North America and Southern Europe is estimated, which corresponds to 12 and 10 nmol mol−1, respectively. The simulation results indicate a contribution of shipping emissions to ground-level ozone during summer on the order of up to 30 % in the North Pacific Ocean (up to 12 nmol mol−1) and 20 % in the North Atlantic Ocean (12 nmol mol−1). With respect to the contribution to the tropospheric ozone burden, we quantified values of 8 and 6 % for land transport and shipping emissions, respectively. Overall, the emissions from land transport contribute around 20 % to the net ozone production near the source regions, while shipping emissions contribute up to 52 % to the net ozone production in the North Pacific Ocean. To put these estimates in the context of literature values, we review previous studies. Most of them used the perturbation approach, in which the results for two simulations, one with all emissions and one with changed emissions for the source of interest, are compared. For a better comparability with these studies, we also performed additional perturbation simulations, which allow for a consistent comparison of results using the perturbation and the tagging approach. The comparison shows that the results strongly depend on the chosen methodology (tagging or perturbation approach) and on the strength of the perturbation. A more in-depth analysis for the land transport emissions reveals that the two approaches give different results, particularly in regions with large emissions (up to a factor of 4 for Europe). Our estimates of the ozone radiative forcing due to land transport and shipping emissions are, based on the tagging method, 92 and 62 mW m−2, respectively. Compared to our best estimates, previously reported values using the perturbation approach are almost a factor of 2 lower, while previous estimates using NOx-only tagging are almost a factor of 2 larger. Overall our results highlight the importance of differentiating between the perturbation and the tagging approach, as they answer two different questions. In line with previous studies, we argue that only the tagging approach (or source apportionment approaches in general) can estimate the contribution of emissions, which is important to attribute emission sources to climate change and/or extreme ozone events. The perturbation approach, however, is important to investigate the effect of an emission change. To effectively assess mitigation options, both approaches should be combined. This combination allows us to track changes in the ozone production efficiency of emissions from sources which are not mitigated and shows how the ozone share caused by these unmitigated emission sources subsequently increases. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Mertens, Mariano Grewe, Volker Rieger, Vanessa S. Jöckel, Patrick |
author_facet |
Mertens, Mariano Grewe, Volker Rieger, Vanessa S. Jöckel, Patrick |
author_sort |
Mertens, Mariano |
title |
Revisiting the contribution of land transport and shipping emissions to tropospheric ozone |
title_short |
Revisiting the contribution of land transport and shipping emissions to tropospheric ozone |
title_full |
Revisiting the contribution of land transport and shipping emissions to tropospheric ozone |
title_fullStr |
Revisiting the contribution of land transport and shipping emissions to tropospheric ozone |
title_full_unstemmed |
Revisiting the contribution of land transport and shipping emissions to tropospheric ozone |
title_sort |
revisiting the contribution of land transport and shipping emissions to tropospheric ozone |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-5567-2018 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00041808 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00041428/acp-18-5567-2018.pdf https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/18/5567/2018/acp-18-5567-2018.pdf |
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Pacific |
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Pacific |
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North Atlantic |
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North Atlantic |
op_relation |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics -- http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/volumes_and_issues.html -- http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2069847 -- 1680-7324 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-5567-2018 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00041808 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00041428/acp-18-5567-2018.pdf https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/18/5567/2018/acp-18-5567-2018.pdf |
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CC-BY |
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https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-5567-2018 |
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Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
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18 |
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8 |
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5567 |
op_container_end_page |
5588 |
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ftnonlinearchiv:oai:noa.gwlb.de:cop_mods_00041808 2023-05-15T17:37:23+02:00 Revisiting the contribution of land transport and shipping emissions to tropospheric ozone Mertens, Mariano Grewe, Volker Rieger, Vanessa S. Jöckel, Patrick 2018-04 electronic https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-5567-2018 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00041808 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00041428/acp-18-5567-2018.pdf https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/18/5567/2018/acp-18-5567-2018.pdf eng eng Copernicus Publications Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics -- http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/volumes_and_issues.html -- http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2069847 -- 1680-7324 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-5567-2018 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00041808 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00041428/acp-18-5567-2018.pdf https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/18/5567/2018/acp-18-5567-2018.pdf https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ uneingeschränkt info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC-BY article Verlagsveröffentlichung article Text doc-type:article 2018 ftnonlinearchiv https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-5567-2018 2022-02-08T22:41:25Z We quantify the contribution of land transport and shipping emissions to tropospheric ozone for the first time with a chemistry–climate model including an advanced tagging method (also known as source apportionment), which considers not only the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx, NO, and NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and volatile organic compounds (VOC) separately, but also their non-linear interaction in producing ozone. For summer conditions a contribution of land transport emissions to ground-level ozone of up to 18 % in North America and Southern Europe is estimated, which corresponds to 12 and 10 nmol mol−1, respectively. The simulation results indicate a contribution of shipping emissions to ground-level ozone during summer on the order of up to 30 % in the North Pacific Ocean (up to 12 nmol mol−1) and 20 % in the North Atlantic Ocean (12 nmol mol−1). With respect to the contribution to the tropospheric ozone burden, we quantified values of 8 and 6 % for land transport and shipping emissions, respectively. Overall, the emissions from land transport contribute around 20 % to the net ozone production near the source regions, while shipping emissions contribute up to 52 % to the net ozone production in the North Pacific Ocean. To put these estimates in the context of literature values, we review previous studies. Most of them used the perturbation approach, in which the results for two simulations, one with all emissions and one with changed emissions for the source of interest, are compared. For a better comparability with these studies, we also performed additional perturbation simulations, which allow for a consistent comparison of results using the perturbation and the tagging approach. The comparison shows that the results strongly depend on the chosen methodology (tagging or perturbation approach) and on the strength of the perturbation. A more in-depth analysis for the land transport emissions reveals that the two approaches give different results, particularly in regions with large emissions (up to a factor of 4 for Europe). Our estimates of the ozone radiative forcing due to land transport and shipping emissions are, based on the tagging method, 92 and 62 mW m−2, respectively. Compared to our best estimates, previously reported values using the perturbation approach are almost a factor of 2 lower, while previous estimates using NOx-only tagging are almost a factor of 2 larger. Overall our results highlight the importance of differentiating between the perturbation and the tagging approach, as they answer two different questions. In line with previous studies, we argue that only the tagging approach (or source apportionment approaches in general) can estimate the contribution of emissions, which is important to attribute emission sources to climate change and/or extreme ozone events. The perturbation approach, however, is important to investigate the effect of an emission change. To effectively assess mitigation options, both approaches should be combined. This combination allows us to track changes in the ozone production efficiency of emissions from sources which are not mitigated and shows how the ozone share caused by these unmitigated emission sources subsequently increases. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Niedersächsisches Online-Archiv NOA Pacific Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18 8 5567 5588 |