Aircraft-based measurements of High Arctic springtime aerosol show evidence for vertically varying sources, transport and composition
The sources, chemical transformations and removal mechanisms of aerosol transported to the Arctic are key factors that control Arctic aerosol–climate interactions. Our understanding of sources and processes is limited by a lack of vertically resolved observations in remote Arctic regions. We present...
Published in: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2019
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-57-2019 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00041281 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00040901/acp-19-57-2019.pdf https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/19/57/2019/acp-19-57-2019.pdf |
id |
ftnonlinearchiv:oai:noa.gwlb.de:cop_mods_00041281 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftnonlinearchiv:oai:noa.gwlb.de:cop_mods_00041281 2023-05-15T14:36:51+02:00 Aircraft-based measurements of High Arctic springtime aerosol show evidence for vertically varying sources, transport and composition Willis, Megan D. Bozem, Heiko Kunkel, Daniel Lee, Alex K. Y. Schulz, Hannes Burkart, Julia Aliabadi, Amir A. Herber, Andreas B. Leaitch, W. Richard Abbatt, Jonathan P. D. 2019-01 electronic https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-57-2019 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00041281 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00040901/acp-19-57-2019.pdf https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/19/57/2019/acp-19-57-2019.pdf eng eng Copernicus Publications Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics -- http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/volumes_and_issues.html -- http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2069847 -- 1680-7324 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-57-2019 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00041281 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00040901/acp-19-57-2019.pdf https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/19/57/2019/acp-19-57-2019.pdf https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ uneingeschränkt info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC-BY article Verlagsveröffentlichung article Text doc-type:article 2019 ftnonlinearchiv https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-57-2019 2022-02-08T22:41:43Z The sources, chemical transformations and removal mechanisms of aerosol transported to the Arctic are key factors that control Arctic aerosol–climate interactions. Our understanding of sources and processes is limited by a lack of vertically resolved observations in remote Arctic regions. We present vertically resolved observations of trace gases and aerosol composition in High Arctic springtime, made largely north of 80∘ N, during the NETCARE campaign. Trace gas gradients observed on these flights defined the polar dome as north of 66–68∘ 30′ N and below potential temperatures of 283.5–287.5 K. In the polar dome, we observe evidence for vertically varying source regions and chemical processing. These vertical changes in sources and chemistry lead to systematic variation in aerosol composition as a function of potential temperature. We show evidence for sources of aerosol with higher organic aerosol (OA), ammonium and refractory black carbon (rBC) content in the upper polar dome. Based on FLEXPART-ECMWF calculations, air masses sampled at all levels inside the polar dome (i.e., potential temperature <280.5 K, altitude <∼3.5 km) subsided during transport over transport times of at least 10 days. Air masses at the lowest potential temperatures, in the lower polar dome, had spent long periods (>10 days) in the Arctic, while air masses in the upper polar dome had entered the Arctic more recently. Variations in aerosol composition were closely related to transport history. In the lower polar dome, the measured sub-micron aerosol mass was dominated by sulfate (mean 74 %), with lower contributions from rBC (1 %), ammonium (4 %) and OA (20 %). At higher altitudes and higher potential temperatures, OA, ammonium and rBC contributed 42 %, 8 % and 2 % of aerosol mass, respectively. A qualitative indication for the presence of sea salt showed that sodium chloride contributed to sub-micron aerosol in the lower polar dome, but was not detectable in the upper polar dome. Our observations highlight the differences in Arctic aerosol chemistry observed at surface-based sites and the aerosol transported throughout the depth of the Arctic troposphere in spring. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic black carbon Niedersächsisches Online-Archiv NOA Arctic Dome The ENVELOPE(166.000,166.000,-85.367,-85.367) Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19 1 57 76 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Niedersächsisches Online-Archiv NOA |
op_collection_id |
ftnonlinearchiv |
language |
English |
topic |
article Verlagsveröffentlichung |
spellingShingle |
article Verlagsveröffentlichung Willis, Megan D. Bozem, Heiko Kunkel, Daniel Lee, Alex K. Y. Schulz, Hannes Burkart, Julia Aliabadi, Amir A. Herber, Andreas B. Leaitch, W. Richard Abbatt, Jonathan P. D. Aircraft-based measurements of High Arctic springtime aerosol show evidence for vertically varying sources, transport and composition |
topic_facet |
article Verlagsveröffentlichung |
description |
The sources, chemical transformations and removal mechanisms of aerosol transported to the Arctic are key factors that control Arctic aerosol–climate interactions. Our understanding of sources and processes is limited by a lack of vertically resolved observations in remote Arctic regions. We present vertically resolved observations of trace gases and aerosol composition in High Arctic springtime, made largely north of 80∘ N, during the NETCARE campaign. Trace gas gradients observed on these flights defined the polar dome as north of 66–68∘ 30′ N and below potential temperatures of 283.5–287.5 K. In the polar dome, we observe evidence for vertically varying source regions and chemical processing. These vertical changes in sources and chemistry lead to systematic variation in aerosol composition as a function of potential temperature. We show evidence for sources of aerosol with higher organic aerosol (OA), ammonium and refractory black carbon (rBC) content in the upper polar dome. Based on FLEXPART-ECMWF calculations, air masses sampled at all levels inside the polar dome (i.e., potential temperature <280.5 K, altitude <∼3.5 km) subsided during transport over transport times of at least 10 days. Air masses at the lowest potential temperatures, in the lower polar dome, had spent long periods (>10 days) in the Arctic, while air masses in the upper polar dome had entered the Arctic more recently. Variations in aerosol composition were closely related to transport history. In the lower polar dome, the measured sub-micron aerosol mass was dominated by sulfate (mean 74 %), with lower contributions from rBC (1 %), ammonium (4 %) and OA (20 %). At higher altitudes and higher potential temperatures, OA, ammonium and rBC contributed 42 %, 8 % and 2 % of aerosol mass, respectively. A qualitative indication for the presence of sea salt showed that sodium chloride contributed to sub-micron aerosol in the lower polar dome, but was not detectable in the upper polar dome. Our observations highlight the differences in Arctic aerosol chemistry observed at surface-based sites and the aerosol transported throughout the depth of the Arctic troposphere in spring. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Willis, Megan D. Bozem, Heiko Kunkel, Daniel Lee, Alex K. Y. Schulz, Hannes Burkart, Julia Aliabadi, Amir A. Herber, Andreas B. Leaitch, W. Richard Abbatt, Jonathan P. D. |
author_facet |
Willis, Megan D. Bozem, Heiko Kunkel, Daniel Lee, Alex K. Y. Schulz, Hannes Burkart, Julia Aliabadi, Amir A. Herber, Andreas B. Leaitch, W. Richard Abbatt, Jonathan P. D. |
author_sort |
Willis, Megan D. |
title |
Aircraft-based measurements of High Arctic springtime aerosol show evidence for vertically varying sources, transport and composition |
title_short |
Aircraft-based measurements of High Arctic springtime aerosol show evidence for vertically varying sources, transport and composition |
title_full |
Aircraft-based measurements of High Arctic springtime aerosol show evidence for vertically varying sources, transport and composition |
title_fullStr |
Aircraft-based measurements of High Arctic springtime aerosol show evidence for vertically varying sources, transport and composition |
title_full_unstemmed |
Aircraft-based measurements of High Arctic springtime aerosol show evidence for vertically varying sources, transport and composition |
title_sort |
aircraft-based measurements of high arctic springtime aerosol show evidence for vertically varying sources, transport and composition |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-57-2019 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00041281 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00040901/acp-19-57-2019.pdf https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/19/57/2019/acp-19-57-2019.pdf |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(166.000,166.000,-85.367,-85.367) |
geographic |
Arctic Dome The |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Dome The |
genre |
Arctic black carbon |
genre_facet |
Arctic black carbon |
op_relation |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics -- http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/volumes_and_issues.html -- http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2069847 -- 1680-7324 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-57-2019 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00041281 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00040901/acp-19-57-2019.pdf https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/19/57/2019/acp-19-57-2019.pdf |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ uneingeschränkt info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-57-2019 |
container_title |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
container_volume |
19 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
57 |
op_container_end_page |
76 |
_version_ |
1766309386905452544 |