The role of radiation penetration in the energy budget of the snowpack at Summit, Greenland
Measurements of the summer surface energy balance at Summit, Greenland, are presented (8 June–20 July 2007). These measurements serve as input to an energy balance model that searches for a surface temperature for which closure of all energy terms is achieved. A good agreement between observed and m...
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2009
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ftnonlinearchiv:oai:noa.gwlb.de:cop_mods_00030157 2023-05-15T16:28:06+02:00 The role of radiation penetration in the energy budget of the snowpack at Summit, Greenland Kuipers Munneke, P. van den Broeke, M. R. Reijmer, C. H. Helsen, M. M. Boot, W. Schneebeli, M. Steffen, K. 2009-07 electronic https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-3-155-2009 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00030157 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00030111/tc-3-155-2009.pdf https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/3/155/2009/tc-3-155-2009.pdf eng eng Copernicus Publications The Cryosphere -- ˜Theœ Cryosphere -- http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2393169 -- http://www.the-cryosphere.net/ -- 1994-0424 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-3-155-2009 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00030157 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00030111/tc-3-155-2009.pdf https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/3/155/2009/tc-3-155-2009.pdf uneingeschränkt info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess article Verlagsveröffentlichung article Text doc-type:article 2009 ftnonlinearchiv https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-3-155-2009 2022-02-08T22:47:21Z Measurements of the summer surface energy balance at Summit, Greenland, are presented (8 June–20 July 2007). These measurements serve as input to an energy balance model that searches for a surface temperature for which closure of all energy terms is achieved. A good agreement between observed and modelled surface temperatures was found, with an average difference of 0.45°C and an RMSE of 0.85°C. It turns out that penetration of shortwave radiation into the snowpack plays a small but important role in correctly simulating snow temperatures. After 42 days, snow temperatures in the first meter are 3.6–4.0°C higher compared to a model simulation without radiation penetration. Sensitivity experiments show that these results cannot be reproduced by tuning the heat conduction process alone, by varying snow density or snow diffusivity. We compared the two-stream radiation penetration calculations with a sophisticated radiative transfer model and discuss the differences. The average diurnal cycle shows that net shortwave radiation is the largest energy source (diurnal average of +61 W m−2), net longwave radiation the largest energy sink (−42 W m−2). On average, subsurface heat flux, sensible and latent heat fluxes are the remaining, small heat sinks (−5, −5 and −7 W m−2, respectively), although these are more important on a subdaily timescale. Article in Journal/Newspaper Greenland The Cryosphere Niedersächsisches Online-Archiv NOA Greenland The Cryosphere 3 2 155 165 |
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English |
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article Verlagsveröffentlichung Kuipers Munneke, P. van den Broeke, M. R. Reijmer, C. H. Helsen, M. M. Boot, W. Schneebeli, M. Steffen, K. The role of radiation penetration in the energy budget of the snowpack at Summit, Greenland |
topic_facet |
article Verlagsveröffentlichung |
description |
Measurements of the summer surface energy balance at Summit, Greenland, are presented (8 June–20 July 2007). These measurements serve as input to an energy balance model that searches for a surface temperature for which closure of all energy terms is achieved. A good agreement between observed and modelled surface temperatures was found, with an average difference of 0.45°C and an RMSE of 0.85°C. It turns out that penetration of shortwave radiation into the snowpack plays a small but important role in correctly simulating snow temperatures. After 42 days, snow temperatures in the first meter are 3.6–4.0°C higher compared to a model simulation without radiation penetration. Sensitivity experiments show that these results cannot be reproduced by tuning the heat conduction process alone, by varying snow density or snow diffusivity. We compared the two-stream radiation penetration calculations with a sophisticated radiative transfer model and discuss the differences. The average diurnal cycle shows that net shortwave radiation is the largest energy source (diurnal average of +61 W m−2), net longwave radiation the largest energy sink (−42 W m−2). On average, subsurface heat flux, sensible and latent heat fluxes are the remaining, small heat sinks (−5, −5 and −7 W m−2, respectively), although these are more important on a subdaily timescale. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Kuipers Munneke, P. van den Broeke, M. R. Reijmer, C. H. Helsen, M. M. Boot, W. Schneebeli, M. Steffen, K. |
author_facet |
Kuipers Munneke, P. van den Broeke, M. R. Reijmer, C. H. Helsen, M. M. Boot, W. Schneebeli, M. Steffen, K. |
author_sort |
Kuipers Munneke, P. |
title |
The role of radiation penetration in the energy budget of the snowpack at Summit, Greenland |
title_short |
The role of radiation penetration in the energy budget of the snowpack at Summit, Greenland |
title_full |
The role of radiation penetration in the energy budget of the snowpack at Summit, Greenland |
title_fullStr |
The role of radiation penetration in the energy budget of the snowpack at Summit, Greenland |
title_full_unstemmed |
The role of radiation penetration in the energy budget of the snowpack at Summit, Greenland |
title_sort |
role of radiation penetration in the energy budget of the snowpack at summit, greenland |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2009 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-3-155-2009 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00030157 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00030111/tc-3-155-2009.pdf https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/3/155/2009/tc-3-155-2009.pdf |
geographic |
Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Greenland |
genre |
Greenland The Cryosphere |
genre_facet |
Greenland The Cryosphere |
op_relation |
The Cryosphere -- ˜Theœ Cryosphere -- http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2393169 -- http://www.the-cryosphere.net/ -- 1994-0424 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-3-155-2009 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00030157 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00030111/tc-3-155-2009.pdf https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/3/155/2009/tc-3-155-2009.pdf |
op_rights |
uneingeschränkt info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-3-155-2009 |
container_title |
The Cryosphere |
container_volume |
3 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
155 |
op_container_end_page |
165 |
_version_ |
1766017724249538560 |