Marine bacteria in deep Arctic and Antarctic ice cores: a proxy for evolution in oceans over 300 million generations
Using fluorescence spectrometry to map autofluorescence of chlorophyll (Chl) and tryptophan (Trp) versus depth in polar ice cores in the US National Ice Core Laboratory, we found that the Chl and Trp concentrations often showed an annual modulation of up to 25%, with peaks at depths corresponding to...
Published in: | Biogeosciences |
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Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2012
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ftnonlinearchiv:oai:noa.gwlb.de:cop_mods_00024135 2023-05-15T13:36:44+02:00 Marine bacteria in deep Arctic and Antarctic ice cores: a proxy for evolution in oceans over 300 million generations Price, P. B. Bay, R. C. 2012-10 electronic https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-3799-2012 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00024135 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00024090/bg-9-3799-2012.pdf https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/9/3799/2012/bg-9-3799-2012.pdf eng eng Copernicus Publications Biogeosciences -- http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2158181 -- http://www.copernicus.org/EGU/bg/bg.html -- 1726-4189 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-3799-2012 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00024135 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00024090/bg-9-3799-2012.pdf https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/9/3799/2012/bg-9-3799-2012.pdf uneingeschränkt info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess article Verlagsveröffentlichung article Text doc-type:article 2012 ftnonlinearchiv https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-3799-2012 2022-02-08T22:50:18Z Using fluorescence spectrometry to map autofluorescence of chlorophyll (Chl) and tryptophan (Trp) versus depth in polar ice cores in the US National Ice Core Laboratory, we found that the Chl and Trp concentrations often showed an annual modulation of up to 25%, with peaks at depths corresponding to local summers. Using epifluorescence microscopy (EFM) and flow cytometry (FCM) triggered on red fluorescence at 670 nm to study microbes from unstained melts of the polar ice, we inferred that picocyanobacteria may have been responsible for the red fluorescence in the cores. Micron-size bacteria in all ice melts from Arctic and Antarctic sites showed FCM patterns of scattering and of red vs. orange fluorescence (interpreted as due to Chl vs. phycoerythrin (PE)) that bore similarities to patterns of cultures of unstained picocyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus. Concentrations in ice from all sites were low, but measurable at ~ 1 to ~ 103 cells cm−3. Calibrations showed that FCM patterns of mineral grains and volcanic ash could be distinguished from microbes with high efficiency by triggering on scattering instead of by red fluorescence. Average Chl and PE autofluorescence intensities showed no decrease per cell with time during up to 150 000 yr of storage in glacial ice. Taking into account the annual modulation of ~ 25% and seasonal changes of ocean temperatures and winds, we suggest that picocyanobacteria are wind-transported year-round from warmer ocean waters onto polar ice. Ice cores offer the opportunity to study evolution of marine microbes over ~ 300 million generations by analysing their genomes vs. depth in glacial ice over the last 700 000 yr as frozen proxies for changes in their genomes in oceans. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Arctic ice core Niedersächsisches Online-Archiv NOA Antarctic Arctic Biogeosciences 9 10 3799 3815 |
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Niedersächsisches Online-Archiv NOA |
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ftnonlinearchiv |
language |
English |
topic |
article Verlagsveröffentlichung |
spellingShingle |
article Verlagsveröffentlichung Price, P. B. Bay, R. C. Marine bacteria in deep Arctic and Antarctic ice cores: a proxy for evolution in oceans over 300 million generations |
topic_facet |
article Verlagsveröffentlichung |
description |
Using fluorescence spectrometry to map autofluorescence of chlorophyll (Chl) and tryptophan (Trp) versus depth in polar ice cores in the US National Ice Core Laboratory, we found that the Chl and Trp concentrations often showed an annual modulation of up to 25%, with peaks at depths corresponding to local summers. Using epifluorescence microscopy (EFM) and flow cytometry (FCM) triggered on red fluorescence at 670 nm to study microbes from unstained melts of the polar ice, we inferred that picocyanobacteria may have been responsible for the red fluorescence in the cores. Micron-size bacteria in all ice melts from Arctic and Antarctic sites showed FCM patterns of scattering and of red vs. orange fluorescence (interpreted as due to Chl vs. phycoerythrin (PE)) that bore similarities to patterns of cultures of unstained picocyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus. Concentrations in ice from all sites were low, but measurable at ~ 1 to ~ 103 cells cm−3. Calibrations showed that FCM patterns of mineral grains and volcanic ash could be distinguished from microbes with high efficiency by triggering on scattering instead of by red fluorescence. Average Chl and PE autofluorescence intensities showed no decrease per cell with time during up to 150 000 yr of storage in glacial ice. Taking into account the annual modulation of ~ 25% and seasonal changes of ocean temperatures and winds, we suggest that picocyanobacteria are wind-transported year-round from warmer ocean waters onto polar ice. Ice cores offer the opportunity to study evolution of marine microbes over ~ 300 million generations by analysing their genomes vs. depth in glacial ice over the last 700 000 yr as frozen proxies for changes in their genomes in oceans. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Price, P. B. Bay, R. C. |
author_facet |
Price, P. B. Bay, R. C. |
author_sort |
Price, P. B. |
title |
Marine bacteria in deep Arctic and Antarctic ice cores: a proxy for evolution in oceans over 300 million generations |
title_short |
Marine bacteria in deep Arctic and Antarctic ice cores: a proxy for evolution in oceans over 300 million generations |
title_full |
Marine bacteria in deep Arctic and Antarctic ice cores: a proxy for evolution in oceans over 300 million generations |
title_fullStr |
Marine bacteria in deep Arctic and Antarctic ice cores: a proxy for evolution in oceans over 300 million generations |
title_full_unstemmed |
Marine bacteria in deep Arctic and Antarctic ice cores: a proxy for evolution in oceans over 300 million generations |
title_sort |
marine bacteria in deep arctic and antarctic ice cores: a proxy for evolution in oceans over 300 million generations |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-3799-2012 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00024135 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00024090/bg-9-3799-2012.pdf https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/9/3799/2012/bg-9-3799-2012.pdf |
geographic |
Antarctic Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Arctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic ice core |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic ice core |
op_relation |
Biogeosciences -- http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2158181 -- http://www.copernicus.org/EGU/bg/bg.html -- 1726-4189 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-3799-2012 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00024135 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00024090/bg-9-3799-2012.pdf https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/9/3799/2012/bg-9-3799-2012.pdf |
op_rights |
uneingeschränkt info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-3799-2012 |
container_title |
Biogeosciences |
container_volume |
9 |
container_issue |
10 |
container_start_page |
3799 |
op_container_end_page |
3815 |
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1766083325957505024 |