Spatiotemporal patterns of tundra fires: late-Quaternary charcoal records from Alaska

Anthropogenic climate change has altered many ecosystem processes in the Arctic tundra and may have resulted in unprecedented fire activity. Evaluating the significance of recent fires requires knowledge from the paleofire record because observational data in the Arctic span only several decades, mu...

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Published in:Biogeosciences
Main Authors: Chipman, M. L., Hudspith, V., Higuera, P. E., Duffy, P. A., Kelly, R., Oswald, W. W., Hu, F. S.
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: Copernicus Publications 2015
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4017-2015
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spelling ftnonlinearchiv:oai:noa.gwlb.de:cop_mods_00015993 2023-05-15T14:56:40+02:00 Spatiotemporal patterns of tundra fires: late-Quaternary charcoal records from Alaska Chipman, M. L. Hudspith, V. Higuera, P. E. Duffy, P. A. Kelly, R. Oswald, W. W. Hu, F. S. 2015-07 electronic https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4017-2015 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00015993 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00015948/bg-12-4017-2015.pdf https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/12/4017/2015/bg-12-4017-2015.pdf eng eng Copernicus Publications Biogeosciences -- http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2158181 -- http://www.copernicus.org/EGU/bg/bg.html -- 1726-4189 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4017-2015 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00015993 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00015948/bg-12-4017-2015.pdf https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/12/4017/2015/bg-12-4017-2015.pdf uneingeschränkt info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess article Verlagsveröffentlichung article Text doc-type:article 2015 ftnonlinearchiv https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4017-2015 2022-02-08T22:54:23Z Anthropogenic climate change has altered many ecosystem processes in the Arctic tundra and may have resulted in unprecedented fire activity. Evaluating the significance of recent fires requires knowledge from the paleofire record because observational data in the Arctic span only several decades, much shorter than the natural fire rotation in Arctic tundra regions. Here we report results of charcoal analysis on lake sediments from four Alaskan lakes to infer the broad spatial and temporal patterns of tundra-fire occurrence over the past 35 000 years. Background charcoal accumulation rates are low in all records (range is 0–0.05 pieces cm−2 yr−1), suggesting minimal biomass burning across our study areas. Charcoal peak analysis reveals that the mean fire-return interval (FRI; years between consecutive fire events) ranged from ca. 1650 to 6050 years at our sites, and that the most recent fire events occurred from ca. 880 to 7030 years ago, except for the CE 2007 Anaktuvuk River Fire. These mean FRI estimates are longer than the fire rotation periods estimated for the past 63 years in the areas surrounding three of the four study lakes. This result suggests that the frequency of tundra burning was higher over the recent past compared to the late Quaternary in some tundra regions. However, the ranges of FRI estimates from our paleofire records overlap with the expected values based on fire-rotation-period estimates from the observational fire data, and the differences are statistically insignificant. Together with previous tundra-fire reconstructions, these data suggest that the rate of tundra burning was spatially variable and that fires were extremely rare in our study areas throughout the late Quaternary. Given the rarity of tundra burning over multiple millennia in our study areas and the pronounced effects of fire on tundra ecosystem processes such as carbon cycling, dramatic tundra ecosystem changes are expected if anthropogenic climate change leads to more frequent tundra fires. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Climate change Tundra Alaska Niedersächsisches Online-Archiv NOA Arctic Biogeosciences 12 13 4017 4027
institution Open Polar
collection Niedersächsisches Online-Archiv NOA
op_collection_id ftnonlinearchiv
language English
topic article
Verlagsveröffentlichung
spellingShingle article
Verlagsveröffentlichung
Chipman, M. L.
Hudspith, V.
Higuera, P. E.
Duffy, P. A.
Kelly, R.
Oswald, W. W.
Hu, F. S.
Spatiotemporal patterns of tundra fires: late-Quaternary charcoal records from Alaska
topic_facet article
Verlagsveröffentlichung
description Anthropogenic climate change has altered many ecosystem processes in the Arctic tundra and may have resulted in unprecedented fire activity. Evaluating the significance of recent fires requires knowledge from the paleofire record because observational data in the Arctic span only several decades, much shorter than the natural fire rotation in Arctic tundra regions. Here we report results of charcoal analysis on lake sediments from four Alaskan lakes to infer the broad spatial and temporal patterns of tundra-fire occurrence over the past 35 000 years. Background charcoal accumulation rates are low in all records (range is 0–0.05 pieces cm−2 yr−1), suggesting minimal biomass burning across our study areas. Charcoal peak analysis reveals that the mean fire-return interval (FRI; years between consecutive fire events) ranged from ca. 1650 to 6050 years at our sites, and that the most recent fire events occurred from ca. 880 to 7030 years ago, except for the CE 2007 Anaktuvuk River Fire. These mean FRI estimates are longer than the fire rotation periods estimated for the past 63 years in the areas surrounding three of the four study lakes. This result suggests that the frequency of tundra burning was higher over the recent past compared to the late Quaternary in some tundra regions. However, the ranges of FRI estimates from our paleofire records overlap with the expected values based on fire-rotation-period estimates from the observational fire data, and the differences are statistically insignificant. Together with previous tundra-fire reconstructions, these data suggest that the rate of tundra burning was spatially variable and that fires were extremely rare in our study areas throughout the late Quaternary. Given the rarity of tundra burning over multiple millennia in our study areas and the pronounced effects of fire on tundra ecosystem processes such as carbon cycling, dramatic tundra ecosystem changes are expected if anthropogenic climate change leads to more frequent tundra fires.
format Article in Journal/Newspaper
author Chipman, M. L.
Hudspith, V.
Higuera, P. E.
Duffy, P. A.
Kelly, R.
Oswald, W. W.
Hu, F. S.
author_facet Chipman, M. L.
Hudspith, V.
Higuera, P. E.
Duffy, P. A.
Kelly, R.
Oswald, W. W.
Hu, F. S.
author_sort Chipman, M. L.
title Spatiotemporal patterns of tundra fires: late-Quaternary charcoal records from Alaska
title_short Spatiotemporal patterns of tundra fires: late-Quaternary charcoal records from Alaska
title_full Spatiotemporal patterns of tundra fires: late-Quaternary charcoal records from Alaska
title_fullStr Spatiotemporal patterns of tundra fires: late-Quaternary charcoal records from Alaska
title_full_unstemmed Spatiotemporal patterns of tundra fires: late-Quaternary charcoal records from Alaska
title_sort spatiotemporal patterns of tundra fires: late-quaternary charcoal records from alaska
publisher Copernicus Publications
publishDate 2015
url https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4017-2015
https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00015993
https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00015948/bg-12-4017-2015.pdf
https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/12/4017/2015/bg-12-4017-2015.pdf
geographic Arctic
geographic_facet Arctic
genre Arctic
Climate change
Tundra
Alaska
genre_facet Arctic
Climate change
Tundra
Alaska
op_relation Biogeosciences -- http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2158181 -- http://www.copernicus.org/EGU/bg/bg.html -- 1726-4189
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4017-2015
https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00015993
https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00015948/bg-12-4017-2015.pdf
https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/12/4017/2015/bg-12-4017-2015.pdf
op_rights uneingeschränkt
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
op_doi https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4017-2015
container_title Biogeosciences
container_volume 12
container_issue 13
container_start_page 4017
op_container_end_page 4027
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