Aragonite saturation states and pH in western Norwegian fjords: seasonal cycles and controlling factors, 2005–2009
The uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) by the ocean leads to a process known as ocean acidification (OA), which lowers the aragonite saturation state (ΩAr) and pH, and this is poorly documented in coastal environments including fjords due to lack of appropriate observations. Here we use we...
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Copernicus Publications
2016
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ftnonlinearchiv:oai:noa.gwlb.de:cop_mods_00011784 2023-05-15T17:52:05+02:00 Aragonite saturation states and pH in western Norwegian fjords: seasonal cycles and controlling factors, 2005–2009 Omar, Abdirahman M. Skjelvan, Ingunn Erga, Svein Rune Olsen, Are 2016-07 electronic https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-937-2016 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00011784 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00011741/os-12-937-2016.pdf https://os.copernicus.org/articles/12/937/2016/os-12-937-2016.pdf eng eng Copernicus Publications Ocean Science -- http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2183769 -- http://www.copernicus.org/EGU/os/os.html -- 1812-0792 https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-937-2016 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00011784 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00011741/os-12-937-2016.pdf https://os.copernicus.org/articles/12/937/2016/os-12-937-2016.pdf uneingeschränkt info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess article Verlagsveröffentlichung article Text doc-type:article 2016 ftnonlinearchiv https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-937-2016 2022-02-08T22:56:23Z The uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) by the ocean leads to a process known as ocean acidification (OA), which lowers the aragonite saturation state (ΩAr) and pH, and this is poorly documented in coastal environments including fjords due to lack of appropriate observations. Here we use weekly underway data from the Voluntary Observing Ships (VOS) program covering the period 2005–2009 combined with data from research cruises to estimate ΩAr and pH values in several adjacent western Norwegian fjords, and to evaluate how seawater CO2 chemistry drives their variations in response to physical and biological factors. The OA parameters in the surface waters of the fjords are subject to strong seasonal and spatially coherent variations. These changes are governed by the seasonal changes in temperature, salinity, formation and decay of organic matter, and vertical mixing with deeper, carbon-rich coastal water. Annual mean pH and ΩAr values were 8.13 and 2.21, respectively. The former varies from minimum values ( ≈ 8.05) in late December – early January to maximum values of around 8.2 during early spring (March–April) as a consequence of the phytoplankton spring bloom, which reduces dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). In the following months, pH decreases in response to warming. This thermodynamic decrease in pH is reinforced by the deepening of the mixed layer, which enables carbon-rich coastal water to reach the surface, and this trend continues until the low winter values of pH are reached again. ΩAr, on the other hand, reaches its seasonal maximum (> 2.5) in mid- to late summer (July–September), when the spring bloom is over and pH is decreasing. The lowest ΩAr values ( ≈ 1.3–1.6) occur during winter (January–March), when both pH and sea surface temperature (SST) are low and DIC is its highest. Consequently, seasonal ΩAr variations align with those of SST and salinity normalized DIC (nDIC). We demonstrate that underway measurements of fugacity of CO2 in seawater (fCO2) and SST from VOS lines combined with high frequency observations of the complete carbonate system at strategically placed fixed stations provide an approach to interpolate OA parameters over large areas in the fjords of western Norway. Article in Journal/Newspaper Ocean acidification Niedersächsisches Online-Archiv NOA Norway Ocean Science 12 4 937 951 |
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Niedersächsisches Online-Archiv NOA |
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English |
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article Verlagsveröffentlichung |
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article Verlagsveröffentlichung Omar, Abdirahman M. Skjelvan, Ingunn Erga, Svein Rune Olsen, Are Aragonite saturation states and pH in western Norwegian fjords: seasonal cycles and controlling factors, 2005–2009 |
topic_facet |
article Verlagsveröffentlichung |
description |
The uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) by the ocean leads to a process known as ocean acidification (OA), which lowers the aragonite saturation state (ΩAr) and pH, and this is poorly documented in coastal environments including fjords due to lack of appropriate observations. Here we use weekly underway data from the Voluntary Observing Ships (VOS) program covering the period 2005–2009 combined with data from research cruises to estimate ΩAr and pH values in several adjacent western Norwegian fjords, and to evaluate how seawater CO2 chemistry drives their variations in response to physical and biological factors. The OA parameters in the surface waters of the fjords are subject to strong seasonal and spatially coherent variations. These changes are governed by the seasonal changes in temperature, salinity, formation and decay of organic matter, and vertical mixing with deeper, carbon-rich coastal water. Annual mean pH and ΩAr values were 8.13 and 2.21, respectively. The former varies from minimum values ( ≈ 8.05) in late December – early January to maximum values of around 8.2 during early spring (March–April) as a consequence of the phytoplankton spring bloom, which reduces dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). In the following months, pH decreases in response to warming. This thermodynamic decrease in pH is reinforced by the deepening of the mixed layer, which enables carbon-rich coastal water to reach the surface, and this trend continues until the low winter values of pH are reached again. ΩAr, on the other hand, reaches its seasonal maximum (> 2.5) in mid- to late summer (July–September), when the spring bloom is over and pH is decreasing. The lowest ΩAr values ( ≈ 1.3–1.6) occur during winter (January–March), when both pH and sea surface temperature (SST) are low and DIC is its highest. Consequently, seasonal ΩAr variations align with those of SST and salinity normalized DIC (nDIC). We demonstrate that underway measurements of fugacity of CO2 in seawater (fCO2) and SST from VOS lines combined with high frequency observations of the complete carbonate system at strategically placed fixed stations provide an approach to interpolate OA parameters over large areas in the fjords of western Norway. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Omar, Abdirahman M. Skjelvan, Ingunn Erga, Svein Rune Olsen, Are |
author_facet |
Omar, Abdirahman M. Skjelvan, Ingunn Erga, Svein Rune Olsen, Are |
author_sort |
Omar, Abdirahman M. |
title |
Aragonite saturation states and pH in western Norwegian fjords: seasonal cycles and controlling factors, 2005–2009 |
title_short |
Aragonite saturation states and pH in western Norwegian fjords: seasonal cycles and controlling factors, 2005–2009 |
title_full |
Aragonite saturation states and pH in western Norwegian fjords: seasonal cycles and controlling factors, 2005–2009 |
title_fullStr |
Aragonite saturation states and pH in western Norwegian fjords: seasonal cycles and controlling factors, 2005–2009 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Aragonite saturation states and pH in western Norwegian fjords: seasonal cycles and controlling factors, 2005–2009 |
title_sort |
aragonite saturation states and ph in western norwegian fjords: seasonal cycles and controlling factors, 2005–2009 |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-937-2016 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00011784 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00011741/os-12-937-2016.pdf https://os.copernicus.org/articles/12/937/2016/os-12-937-2016.pdf |
geographic |
Norway |
geographic_facet |
Norway |
genre |
Ocean acidification |
genre_facet |
Ocean acidification |
op_relation |
Ocean Science -- http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2183769 -- http://www.copernicus.org/EGU/os/os.html -- 1812-0792 https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-937-2016 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00011784 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00011741/os-12-937-2016.pdf https://os.copernicus.org/articles/12/937/2016/os-12-937-2016.pdf |
op_rights |
uneingeschränkt info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-937-2016 |
container_title |
Ocean Science |
container_volume |
12 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
937 |
op_container_end_page |
951 |
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1766159422314250240 |