Distributed snow and rock temperature modelling in steep rock walls using Alpine3D
In this study we modelled the influence of the spatially and temporally heterogeneous snow cover on the surface energy balance and thus on rock temperatures in two rugged, steep rock walls on the Gemsstock ridge in the central Swiss Alps. The heterogeneous snow depth distribution in the rock walls w...
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Copernicus Publications
2017
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ftnonlinearchiv:oai:noa.gwlb.de:cop_mods_00010744 2023-05-15T18:32:32+02:00 Distributed snow and rock temperature modelling in steep rock walls using Alpine3D Haberkorn, Anna Wever, Nander Hoelzle, Martin Phillips, Marcia Kenner, Robert Bavay, Mathias Lehning, Michael 2017-02 electronic https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-585-2017 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00010744 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00010701/tc-11-585-2017.pdf https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/11/585/2017/tc-11-585-2017.pdf eng eng Copernicus Publications The Cryosphere -- ˜Theœ Cryosphere -- http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2393169 -- http://www.the-cryosphere.net/ -- 1994-0424 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-585-2017 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00010744 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00010701/tc-11-585-2017.pdf https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/11/585/2017/tc-11-585-2017.pdf uneingeschränkt info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess article Verlagsveröffentlichung article Text doc-type:article 2017 ftnonlinearchiv https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-585-2017 2022-02-08T22:56:54Z In this study we modelled the influence of the spatially and temporally heterogeneous snow cover on the surface energy balance and thus on rock temperatures in two rugged, steep rock walls on the Gemsstock ridge in the central Swiss Alps. The heterogeneous snow depth distribution in the rock walls was introduced to the distributed, process-based energy balance model Alpine3D with a precipitation scaling method based on snow depth data measured by terrestrial laser scanning. The influence of the snow cover on rock temperatures was investigated by comparing a snow-covered model scenario (precipitation input provided by precipitation scaling) with a snow-free (zero precipitation input) one. Model uncertainties are discussed and evaluated at both the point and spatial scales against 22 near-surface rock temperature measurements and high-resolution snow depth data from winter terrestrial laser scans. In the rough rock walls, the heterogeneously distributed snow cover was moderately well reproduced by Alpine3D with mean absolute errors ranging between 0.31 and 0.81 m. However, snow cover duration was reproduced well and, consequently, near-surface rock temperatures were modelled convincingly. Uncertainties in rock temperature modelling were found to be around 1.6 °C. Errors in snow cover modelling and hence in rock temperature simulations are explained by inadequate snow settlement due to linear precipitation scaling, missing lateral heat fluxes in the rock, and by errors caused by interpolation of shortwave radiation, wind and air temperature into the rock walls. Mean annual near-surface rock temperature increases were both measured and modelled in the steep rock walls as a consequence of a thick, long-lasting snow cover. Rock temperatures were 1.3–2.5 °C higher in the shaded and sunny rock walls, while comparing snow-covered to snow-free simulations. This helps to assess the potential error made in ground temperature modelling when neglecting snow in steep bedrock. Article in Journal/Newspaper The Cryosphere Niedersächsisches Online-Archiv NOA The Cryosphere 11 1 585 607 |
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Open Polar |
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Niedersächsisches Online-Archiv NOA |
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ftnonlinearchiv |
language |
English |
topic |
article Verlagsveröffentlichung |
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article Verlagsveröffentlichung Haberkorn, Anna Wever, Nander Hoelzle, Martin Phillips, Marcia Kenner, Robert Bavay, Mathias Lehning, Michael Distributed snow and rock temperature modelling in steep rock walls using Alpine3D |
topic_facet |
article Verlagsveröffentlichung |
description |
In this study we modelled the influence of the spatially and temporally heterogeneous snow cover on the surface energy balance and thus on rock temperatures in two rugged, steep rock walls on the Gemsstock ridge in the central Swiss Alps. The heterogeneous snow depth distribution in the rock walls was introduced to the distributed, process-based energy balance model Alpine3D with a precipitation scaling method based on snow depth data measured by terrestrial laser scanning. The influence of the snow cover on rock temperatures was investigated by comparing a snow-covered model scenario (precipitation input provided by precipitation scaling) with a snow-free (zero precipitation input) one. Model uncertainties are discussed and evaluated at both the point and spatial scales against 22 near-surface rock temperature measurements and high-resolution snow depth data from winter terrestrial laser scans. In the rough rock walls, the heterogeneously distributed snow cover was moderately well reproduced by Alpine3D with mean absolute errors ranging between 0.31 and 0.81 m. However, snow cover duration was reproduced well and, consequently, near-surface rock temperatures were modelled convincingly. Uncertainties in rock temperature modelling were found to be around 1.6 °C. Errors in snow cover modelling and hence in rock temperature simulations are explained by inadequate snow settlement due to linear precipitation scaling, missing lateral heat fluxes in the rock, and by errors caused by interpolation of shortwave radiation, wind and air temperature into the rock walls. Mean annual near-surface rock temperature increases were both measured and modelled in the steep rock walls as a consequence of a thick, long-lasting snow cover. Rock temperatures were 1.3–2.5 °C higher in the shaded and sunny rock walls, while comparing snow-covered to snow-free simulations. This helps to assess the potential error made in ground temperature modelling when neglecting snow in steep bedrock. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Haberkorn, Anna Wever, Nander Hoelzle, Martin Phillips, Marcia Kenner, Robert Bavay, Mathias Lehning, Michael |
author_facet |
Haberkorn, Anna Wever, Nander Hoelzle, Martin Phillips, Marcia Kenner, Robert Bavay, Mathias Lehning, Michael |
author_sort |
Haberkorn, Anna |
title |
Distributed snow and rock temperature modelling in steep rock walls using Alpine3D |
title_short |
Distributed snow and rock temperature modelling in steep rock walls using Alpine3D |
title_full |
Distributed snow and rock temperature modelling in steep rock walls using Alpine3D |
title_fullStr |
Distributed snow and rock temperature modelling in steep rock walls using Alpine3D |
title_full_unstemmed |
Distributed snow and rock temperature modelling in steep rock walls using Alpine3D |
title_sort |
distributed snow and rock temperature modelling in steep rock walls using alpine3d |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-585-2017 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00010744 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00010701/tc-11-585-2017.pdf https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/11/585/2017/tc-11-585-2017.pdf |
genre |
The Cryosphere |
genre_facet |
The Cryosphere |
op_relation |
The Cryosphere -- ˜Theœ Cryosphere -- http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2393169 -- http://www.the-cryosphere.net/ -- 1994-0424 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-585-2017 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00010744 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00010701/tc-11-585-2017.pdf https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/11/585/2017/tc-11-585-2017.pdf |
op_rights |
uneingeschränkt info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-585-2017 |
container_title |
The Cryosphere |
container_volume |
11 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
585 |
op_container_end_page |
607 |
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1766216648974401536 |