Mineralogy and mixing state of north African mineral dust by online single-particle mass spectrometry
The mineralogy and mixing state of dust particles originating from the African continent influences climate and marine ecosystems in the North Atlantic due to its effect on radiation, cloud properties and biogeochemical cycling. However, these processes are difficult to constrain because of large te...
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article Verlagsveröffentlichung Marsden, Nicholas A. Ullrich, Romy Möhler, Ottmar Eriksen Hammer, Stine Kandler, Konrad Cui, Zhiqiang Williams, Paul I. Flynn, Michael J. Liu, Dantong Allan, James D. Coe, Hugh Mineralogy and mixing state of north African mineral dust by online single-particle mass spectrometry |
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article Verlagsveröffentlichung |
description |
The mineralogy and mixing state of dust particles originating from the African continent influences climate and marine ecosystems in the North Atlantic due to its effect on radiation, cloud properties and biogeochemical cycling. However, these processes are difficult to constrain because of large temporal and spatial variability, and the lack of in situ measurements of dust properties at all stages of the dust cycle. This lack of measurements is in part due to the remoteness of potential source areas (PSAs) and transport pathways but also because of the lack of an efficient method to report the mineralogy and mixing state of single particles with a time resolution comparable to atmospheric processes, which may last a few hours or less. Measurements are equally challenging in laboratory simulations where dust particles need to be isolated and characterised in low numbers whilst conditions are dynamically controlled and monitored in real time. This is particularly important in controlled expansion cloud chambers (CECCs) where ice-nucleating properties of suspended dust samples are studied in cold and mixed phase cloud conditions. In this work, the mineralogy and mixing state of the fine fraction (<2.5 µm) in laboratory-suspended dust from PSAs in north Africa were made using novel techniques with online single-particle mass spectrometry (SPMS) and traditional offline scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A regional difference in mineralogy was detected, with material sourced from Morocco containing a high number fraction of illite-like particles in contrast to Sahelian material which contains potassium- and sodium-depleted clay minerals like kaolinite. Single-particle mixing state had a much greater local variation than mineralogy, particularly with respect to organic–biological content. Applying the same methods to ambient measurement of transported dust in the marine boundary layer at Cabo Verde in the remote North Atlantic enabled the number fractions of illite/smectite clay mineral (ISCM), non-ISCM and calcium-containing particles to be reported at a 1 h time resolution over a 20-day period. Internal mixing of silicate particles with nitrate, chlorine and organic–biological material was also measured and compared to that in the suspended soils. The results show SPMS and SEM techniques are complementary and demonstrate that SPMS can provide a meaningful high-resolution measurement of single-particle mineralogy and mixing state in laboratory and ambient conditions. In most cases, the differences in the mineralogical composition between particles within a soil sample were small. Thus, particles were not composed of discrete mineral phases. In ambient measurements, the ISCM and nitrate content was found to change significantly between distinct dust events, indicating a shift in source and transport pathways which may not be captured in offline composition analysis or remote sensing techniques. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Marsden, Nicholas A. Ullrich, Romy Möhler, Ottmar Eriksen Hammer, Stine Kandler, Konrad Cui, Zhiqiang Williams, Paul I. Flynn, Michael J. Liu, Dantong Allan, James D. Coe, Hugh |
author_facet |
Marsden, Nicholas A. Ullrich, Romy Möhler, Ottmar Eriksen Hammer, Stine Kandler, Konrad Cui, Zhiqiang Williams, Paul I. Flynn, Michael J. Liu, Dantong Allan, James D. Coe, Hugh |
author_sort |
Marsden, Nicholas A. |
title |
Mineralogy and mixing state of north African mineral dust by online single-particle mass spectrometry |
title_short |
Mineralogy and mixing state of north African mineral dust by online single-particle mass spectrometry |
title_full |
Mineralogy and mixing state of north African mineral dust by online single-particle mass spectrometry |
title_fullStr |
Mineralogy and mixing state of north African mineral dust by online single-particle mass spectrometry |
title_full_unstemmed |
Mineralogy and mixing state of north African mineral dust by online single-particle mass spectrometry |
title_sort |
mineralogy and mixing state of north african mineral dust by online single-particle mass spectrometry |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2259-2019 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00003137 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00003095/acp-19-2259-2019.pdf https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/19/2259/2019/acp-19-2259-2019.pdf |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
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Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics -- http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/volumes_and_issues.html -- http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2069847 -- 1680-7324 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2259-2019 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00003137 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00003095/acp-19-2259-2019.pdf https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/19/2259/2019/acp-19-2259-2019.pdf |
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https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ uneingeschränkt info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2259-2019 |
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Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
container_volume |
19 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
2259 |
op_container_end_page |
2281 |
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1766132158495195136 |
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ftnonlinearchiv:oai:noa.gwlb.de:cop_mods_00003137 2023-05-15T17:33:36+02:00 Mineralogy and mixing state of north African mineral dust by online single-particle mass spectrometry Marsden, Nicholas A. Ullrich, Romy Möhler, Ottmar Eriksen Hammer, Stine Kandler, Konrad Cui, Zhiqiang Williams, Paul I. Flynn, Michael J. Liu, Dantong Allan, James D. Coe, Hugh 2019-02 electronic https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2259-2019 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00003137 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00003095/acp-19-2259-2019.pdf https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/19/2259/2019/acp-19-2259-2019.pdf eng eng Copernicus Publications Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics -- http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/volumes_and_issues.html -- http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2069847 -- 1680-7324 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2259-2019 https://noa.gwlb.de/receive/cop_mods_00003137 https://noa.gwlb.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/cop_derivate_00003095/acp-19-2259-2019.pdf https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/19/2259/2019/acp-19-2259-2019.pdf https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ uneingeschränkt info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC-BY article Verlagsveröffentlichung article Text doc-type:article 2019 ftnonlinearchiv https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2259-2019 2022-02-08T23:00:45Z The mineralogy and mixing state of dust particles originating from the African continent influences climate and marine ecosystems in the North Atlantic due to its effect on radiation, cloud properties and biogeochemical cycling. However, these processes are difficult to constrain because of large temporal and spatial variability, and the lack of in situ measurements of dust properties at all stages of the dust cycle. This lack of measurements is in part due to the remoteness of potential source areas (PSAs) and transport pathways but also because of the lack of an efficient method to report the mineralogy and mixing state of single particles with a time resolution comparable to atmospheric processes, which may last a few hours or less. Measurements are equally challenging in laboratory simulations where dust particles need to be isolated and characterised in low numbers whilst conditions are dynamically controlled and monitored in real time. This is particularly important in controlled expansion cloud chambers (CECCs) where ice-nucleating properties of suspended dust samples are studied in cold and mixed phase cloud conditions. In this work, the mineralogy and mixing state of the fine fraction (<2.5 µm) in laboratory-suspended dust from PSAs in north Africa were made using novel techniques with online single-particle mass spectrometry (SPMS) and traditional offline scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A regional difference in mineralogy was detected, with material sourced from Morocco containing a high number fraction of illite-like particles in contrast to Sahelian material which contains potassium- and sodium-depleted clay minerals like kaolinite. Single-particle mixing state had a much greater local variation than mineralogy, particularly with respect to organic–biological content. Applying the same methods to ambient measurement of transported dust in the marine boundary layer at Cabo Verde in the remote North Atlantic enabled the number fractions of illite/smectite clay mineral (ISCM), non-ISCM and calcium-containing particles to be reported at a 1 h time resolution over a 20-day period. Internal mixing of silicate particles with nitrate, chlorine and organic–biological material was also measured and compared to that in the suspended soils. The results show SPMS and SEM techniques are complementary and demonstrate that SPMS can provide a meaningful high-resolution measurement of single-particle mineralogy and mixing state in laboratory and ambient conditions. In most cases, the differences in the mineralogical composition between particles within a soil sample were small. Thus, particles were not composed of discrete mineral phases. In ambient measurements, the ISCM and nitrate content was found to change significantly between distinct dust events, indicating a shift in source and transport pathways which may not be captured in offline composition analysis or remote sensing techniques. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Niedersächsisches Online-Archiv NOA Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19 4 2259 2281 |