Gene expression analyses of immune responses in Atlantic salmon during early stages of infection by salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) revealed bi-phasic responses coinciding with the copepod-chalimus transition
Background: The salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis Krøyer), an ectoparasitic copepod with a complex life cycle causes significant losses in salmon aquaculture. Pesticide treatments against the parasite raise environmental concerns and their efficacy is gradually decreasing. Improvement of fish re...
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ftnofima:oai:nofima.brage.unit.no:11250/2636048 2023-05-15T15:32:02+02:00 Gene expression analyses of immune responses in Atlantic salmon during early stages of infection by salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) revealed bi-phasic responses coinciding with the copepod-chalimus transition Tadiso, Tariku Markos Krasnov, Aleksei Skugor, Stanko Afanasyev, Sergey Hordvik, Ivar Nilsen, Frank 2011 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2636048 https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-12-141 eng eng BMC Genomics. 2011, 12 . urn:issn:1471-2164 http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2636048 https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-12-141 cristin:800800 17 12 BMC Genomics VDP::Generell immunologi: 478 VDP::General immunology: 478 Peer reviewed Journal article 2011 ftnofima https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-12-141 2022-11-18T06:51:01Z Background: The salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis Krøyer), an ectoparasitic copepod with a complex life cycle causes significant losses in salmon aquaculture. Pesticide treatments against the parasite raise environmental concerns and their efficacy is gradually decreasing. Improvement of fish resistance to lice, through biological control methods, needs better understanding of the protective mechanisms. We used a 21 k oligonucleotide microarray and RT-qPCR to examine the time-course of immune gene expression changes in salmon skin, spleen, and head kidney during the first 15 days after challenge, which encompassed the copepod and chalimus stages of lice development. Results: Large scale and highly complex transcriptome responses were found already one day after infection (dpi). Many genes showed bi-phasic expression profiles with abrupt changes between 5 and 10 dpi (the copepod-chalimus transitions); the greatest fluctuations (up- and down-regulation) were seen in a large group of secretory splenic proteases with unknown roles. Rapid sensing was witnessed with induction of genes involved in innate immunity including lectins and enzymes of eicosanoid metabolism in skin and acute phase proteins in spleen. Transient (1-5 dpi) increase of T-cell receptor alpha, CD4-1, and possible regulators of lymphocyte differentiation suggested recruitment of T-cells of unidentified lineage to the skin. After 5 dpi the magnitude of transcriptomic responses decreased markedly in skin. Up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinases in all studied organs suggested establishment of a chronic inflammatory status. Up-regulation of putative lymphocyte G0/G1 switch proteins in spleen at 5 dpi, immunoglobulins at 15 dpi; and increase of IgM and IgT transcripts in skin indicated an onset of adaptive humoral immune responses, whereas MHCI appeared to be down-regulated. Conclusions: Atlantic salmon develops rapid local and systemic reactions to L. salmonis, which, however, do not result in substantial level of protection. The dramatic ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Nofima Knowledge Archive (Brage) BMC Genomics 12 1 |
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language |
English |
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VDP::Generell immunologi: 478 VDP::General immunology: 478 |
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VDP::Generell immunologi: 478 VDP::General immunology: 478 Tadiso, Tariku Markos Krasnov, Aleksei Skugor, Stanko Afanasyev, Sergey Hordvik, Ivar Nilsen, Frank Gene expression analyses of immune responses in Atlantic salmon during early stages of infection by salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) revealed bi-phasic responses coinciding with the copepod-chalimus transition |
topic_facet |
VDP::Generell immunologi: 478 VDP::General immunology: 478 |
description |
Background: The salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis Krøyer), an ectoparasitic copepod with a complex life cycle causes significant losses in salmon aquaculture. Pesticide treatments against the parasite raise environmental concerns and their efficacy is gradually decreasing. Improvement of fish resistance to lice, through biological control methods, needs better understanding of the protective mechanisms. We used a 21 k oligonucleotide microarray and RT-qPCR to examine the time-course of immune gene expression changes in salmon skin, spleen, and head kidney during the first 15 days after challenge, which encompassed the copepod and chalimus stages of lice development. Results: Large scale and highly complex transcriptome responses were found already one day after infection (dpi). Many genes showed bi-phasic expression profiles with abrupt changes between 5 and 10 dpi (the copepod-chalimus transitions); the greatest fluctuations (up- and down-regulation) were seen in a large group of secretory splenic proteases with unknown roles. Rapid sensing was witnessed with induction of genes involved in innate immunity including lectins and enzymes of eicosanoid metabolism in skin and acute phase proteins in spleen. Transient (1-5 dpi) increase of T-cell receptor alpha, CD4-1, and possible regulators of lymphocyte differentiation suggested recruitment of T-cells of unidentified lineage to the skin. After 5 dpi the magnitude of transcriptomic responses decreased markedly in skin. Up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinases in all studied organs suggested establishment of a chronic inflammatory status. Up-regulation of putative lymphocyte G0/G1 switch proteins in spleen at 5 dpi, immunoglobulins at 15 dpi; and increase of IgM and IgT transcripts in skin indicated an onset of adaptive humoral immune responses, whereas MHCI appeared to be down-regulated. Conclusions: Atlantic salmon develops rapid local and systemic reactions to L. salmonis, which, however, do not result in substantial level of protection. The dramatic ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Tadiso, Tariku Markos Krasnov, Aleksei Skugor, Stanko Afanasyev, Sergey Hordvik, Ivar Nilsen, Frank |
author_facet |
Tadiso, Tariku Markos Krasnov, Aleksei Skugor, Stanko Afanasyev, Sergey Hordvik, Ivar Nilsen, Frank |
author_sort |
Tadiso, Tariku Markos |
title |
Gene expression analyses of immune responses in Atlantic salmon during early stages of infection by salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) revealed bi-phasic responses coinciding with the copepod-chalimus transition |
title_short |
Gene expression analyses of immune responses in Atlantic salmon during early stages of infection by salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) revealed bi-phasic responses coinciding with the copepod-chalimus transition |
title_full |
Gene expression analyses of immune responses in Atlantic salmon during early stages of infection by salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) revealed bi-phasic responses coinciding with the copepod-chalimus transition |
title_fullStr |
Gene expression analyses of immune responses in Atlantic salmon during early stages of infection by salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) revealed bi-phasic responses coinciding with the copepod-chalimus transition |
title_full_unstemmed |
Gene expression analyses of immune responses in Atlantic salmon during early stages of infection by salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) revealed bi-phasic responses coinciding with the copepod-chalimus transition |
title_sort |
gene expression analyses of immune responses in atlantic salmon during early stages of infection by salmon louse (lepeophtheirus salmonis) revealed bi-phasic responses coinciding with the copepod-chalimus transition |
publishDate |
2011 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2636048 https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-12-141 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon |
op_source |
17 12 BMC Genomics |
op_relation |
BMC Genomics. 2011, 12 . urn:issn:1471-2164 http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2636048 https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-12-141 cristin:800800 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-12-141 |
container_title |
BMC Genomics |
container_volume |
12 |
container_issue |
1 |
_version_ |
1766362544377692160 |