Viral infection of prokaryotic plankton during early formation of the North Atlantic Deep Water
Viral abundance was assessed in different water masses of the NW Atlantic, and the development of viral abundance, lytic viral infection and lysogeny was followed for the first ca. 5000 km (corresponding to ca. 50 yr in the oceanic conveyor belt) of the western branch of the North Atlantic Deep Wate...
Published in: | Aquatic Microbial Ecology |
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Language: | English |
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2020
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ftnioz:oai:imis.nioz.nl:328432 2023-05-15T16:00:40+02:00 Viral infection of prokaryotic plankton during early formation of the North Atlantic Deep Water Weinbauer, M. Griebler, C. van Aken, H.M. Herndl, G. 2020 application/pdf https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/60/357160.pdf en eng info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/000545900800013 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/doi.org/10.3354/ame01934 https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/60/357160.pdf info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess %3Ci%3EAquat.+Microb.+Ecol.+84%3C%2Fi%3E%3A+175-189.+%3Ca+href%3D%22https%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.3354%2Fame01934%22+target%3D%22_blank%22%3Ehttps%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.3354%2Fame01934%3C%2Fa%3E info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 2020 ftnioz https://doi.org/10.3354/ame01934 2022-05-01T14:12:15Z Viral abundance was assessed in different water masses of the NW Atlantic, and the development of viral abundance, lytic viral infection and lysogeny was followed for the first ca. 5000 km (corresponding to ca. 50 yr in the oceanic conveyor belt) of the western branch of the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW). Viral abundance was significantly higher in the 100 m layer than in the NADW (2400-2700 m depth) and the Denmark Strait Overflow Water (2400-3600 m depth). The virus-to-prokaryote ratio (VPR) increased with depth, ranging from 32-43 for different water masses of the bathypelagic ocean, thus corroborating the enigma of high viral abundance in the dark ocean. The O2-minimum layer (250-600 m) also showed high viral abundance and VPRs. Viral abundance, a viral subgroup and VPRs decreased in a non-linear form with distance from the NADW origin. Viral production (range: 0.2-2.4 × 107 viruses l-1) and the fraction of lytically infected cells (range: 1-22%) decreased with increasing distance from the formation site of the NADW. Conservative estimations of virus-mediated mortality of prokaryotes in the NADW averaged 20 ± 12%. The fraction of the prokaryotic community with lysogens (i.e. harboring a functional viral DNA) in the NADW averaged 21 ± 14%. Hence, we conclude that (1) viral abundance and subgroups differ between water masses, (2) virus-mediated mortality of prokaryotes as well as lysogeny are significant in the dark ocean and (3) the lysogenic life strategy became more important than the lytic life style during the early formation of the NADW. Article in Journal/Newspaper Denmark Strait NADW North Atlantic Deep Water North Atlantic NIOZ Repository (Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research) Aquatic Microbial Ecology 84 175 189 |
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Open Polar |
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NIOZ Repository (Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research) |
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ftnioz |
language |
English |
description |
Viral abundance was assessed in different water masses of the NW Atlantic, and the development of viral abundance, lytic viral infection and lysogeny was followed for the first ca. 5000 km (corresponding to ca. 50 yr in the oceanic conveyor belt) of the western branch of the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW). Viral abundance was significantly higher in the 100 m layer than in the NADW (2400-2700 m depth) and the Denmark Strait Overflow Water (2400-3600 m depth). The virus-to-prokaryote ratio (VPR) increased with depth, ranging from 32-43 for different water masses of the bathypelagic ocean, thus corroborating the enigma of high viral abundance in the dark ocean. The O2-minimum layer (250-600 m) also showed high viral abundance and VPRs. Viral abundance, a viral subgroup and VPRs decreased in a non-linear form with distance from the NADW origin. Viral production (range: 0.2-2.4 × 107 viruses l-1) and the fraction of lytically infected cells (range: 1-22%) decreased with increasing distance from the formation site of the NADW. Conservative estimations of virus-mediated mortality of prokaryotes in the NADW averaged 20 ± 12%. The fraction of the prokaryotic community with lysogens (i.e. harboring a functional viral DNA) in the NADW averaged 21 ± 14%. Hence, we conclude that (1) viral abundance and subgroups differ between water masses, (2) virus-mediated mortality of prokaryotes as well as lysogeny are significant in the dark ocean and (3) the lysogenic life strategy became more important than the lytic life style during the early formation of the NADW. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Weinbauer, M. Griebler, C. van Aken, H.M. Herndl, G. |
spellingShingle |
Weinbauer, M. Griebler, C. van Aken, H.M. Herndl, G. Viral infection of prokaryotic plankton during early formation of the North Atlantic Deep Water |
author_facet |
Weinbauer, M. Griebler, C. van Aken, H.M. Herndl, G. |
author_sort |
Weinbauer, M. |
title |
Viral infection of prokaryotic plankton during early formation of the North Atlantic Deep Water |
title_short |
Viral infection of prokaryotic plankton during early formation of the North Atlantic Deep Water |
title_full |
Viral infection of prokaryotic plankton during early formation of the North Atlantic Deep Water |
title_fullStr |
Viral infection of prokaryotic plankton during early formation of the North Atlantic Deep Water |
title_full_unstemmed |
Viral infection of prokaryotic plankton during early formation of the North Atlantic Deep Water |
title_sort |
viral infection of prokaryotic plankton during early formation of the north atlantic deep water |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/60/357160.pdf |
genre |
Denmark Strait NADW North Atlantic Deep Water North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
Denmark Strait NADW North Atlantic Deep Water North Atlantic |
op_source |
%3Ci%3EAquat.+Microb.+Ecol.+84%3C%2Fi%3E%3A+175-189.+%3Ca+href%3D%22https%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.3354%2Fame01934%22+target%3D%22_blank%22%3Ehttps%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.3354%2Fame01934%3C%2Fa%3E |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/000545900800013 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/doi.org/10.3354/ame01934 https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/60/357160.pdf |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3354/ame01934 |
container_title |
Aquatic Microbial Ecology |
container_volume |
84 |
container_start_page |
175 |
op_container_end_page |
189 |
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1766396684355502080 |