Arctic freshwater export: Status, mechanisms, and prospects
Large freshwater anomalies clearly exist in the Arctic Ocean. For example, liquid freshwater has accumulated in the Beaufort Gyre in the decade of the 2000s compared to 1980–2000, with an extra ˜ 5000 km3 — about 25% — being stored. The sources of freshwater to the Arctic from precipitation and runo...
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ftnioz:oai:imis.nioz.nl:245605 2023-05-15T14:28:57+02:00 Arctic freshwater export: Status, mechanisms, and prospects Haine, T.W.N. Curry, B. Gerdes, R. Hansen, E. Karcher, M. Lee, C. Rudels, B. Spreen, G. de Steur, L. Stewart, K.D. Woodgate, R. 2015 http://imis.nioz.nl/imis.php?module=ref&refid=245605 en eng info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/000349580900003 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2014.11.013 http://imis.nioz.nl/imis.php?module=ref&refid=245605 info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess %3Ci%3EGlobal+Planet.+Change+125%3C%2Fi%3E%3A+13%E2%80%9335.+%3Ca+href%3D%22https%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1016%2Fj.gloplacha.2014.11.013%22+target%3D%22_blank%22%3Ehttps%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1016%2Fj.gloplacha.2014.11.013%3C%2Fa%3E info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 2015 ftnioz https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2014.11.013 2022-05-01T14:01:17Z Large freshwater anomalies clearly exist in the Arctic Ocean. For example, liquid freshwater has accumulated in the Beaufort Gyre in the decade of the 2000s compared to 1980–2000, with an extra ˜ 5000 km3 — about 25% — being stored. The sources of freshwater to the Arctic from precipitation and runoff have increased between these periods (most of the evidence comes from models). Despite flux increases from 2001 to 2011, it is uncertain if the marine freshwater source through Bering Strait for the 2000s has changed, as observations in the 1980s and 1990s are incomplete. The marine freshwater fluxes draining the Arctic through Fram and Davis straits are also insignificantly different. In this way, the balance of sources and sinks of freshwater to the Arctic, Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA), and Baffin Bay shifted to about 1200 ± 730 km3 yr- 1 freshening the region, on average, during the 2000s. The observed accumulation of liquid freshwater is consistent with this increased supply and the loss of freshwater from sea ice. Coupled climate models project continued freshening of the Arctic during the 21st century, with a total gain of about 50,000 km3 for the Arctic, CAA, and Baffin Bay (an increase of about 50%) by 2100. Understanding of the mechanisms controlling freshwater emphasizes the importance of Arctic surface winds, in addition to the sources of freshwater. The wind can modify the storage, release, and pathways of freshwater on timescales of O(1–10) months. Discharges of excess freshwater through Fram or Davis straits appear possible, triggered by changes in the wind, but are hard to predict. Continued measurement of the fluxes and storage of freshwater is needed to observe changes such as these. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Archipelago Arctic Arctic Ocean Baffin Bay Baffin Bay Baffin Bering Strait Canadian Arctic Archipelago Sea ice NIOZ Repository (Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research) Arctic Arctic Ocean Baffin Bay Bering Strait Canadian Arctic Archipelago Global and Planetary Change 125 13 35 |
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Open Polar |
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NIOZ Repository (Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research) |
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ftnioz |
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English |
description |
Large freshwater anomalies clearly exist in the Arctic Ocean. For example, liquid freshwater has accumulated in the Beaufort Gyre in the decade of the 2000s compared to 1980–2000, with an extra ˜ 5000 km3 — about 25% — being stored. The sources of freshwater to the Arctic from precipitation and runoff have increased between these periods (most of the evidence comes from models). Despite flux increases from 2001 to 2011, it is uncertain if the marine freshwater source through Bering Strait for the 2000s has changed, as observations in the 1980s and 1990s are incomplete. The marine freshwater fluxes draining the Arctic through Fram and Davis straits are also insignificantly different. In this way, the balance of sources and sinks of freshwater to the Arctic, Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA), and Baffin Bay shifted to about 1200 ± 730 km3 yr- 1 freshening the region, on average, during the 2000s. The observed accumulation of liquid freshwater is consistent with this increased supply and the loss of freshwater from sea ice. Coupled climate models project continued freshening of the Arctic during the 21st century, with a total gain of about 50,000 km3 for the Arctic, CAA, and Baffin Bay (an increase of about 50%) by 2100. Understanding of the mechanisms controlling freshwater emphasizes the importance of Arctic surface winds, in addition to the sources of freshwater. The wind can modify the storage, release, and pathways of freshwater on timescales of O(1–10) months. Discharges of excess freshwater through Fram or Davis straits appear possible, triggered by changes in the wind, but are hard to predict. Continued measurement of the fluxes and storage of freshwater is needed to observe changes such as these. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Haine, T.W.N. Curry, B. Gerdes, R. Hansen, E. Karcher, M. Lee, C. Rudels, B. Spreen, G. de Steur, L. Stewart, K.D. Woodgate, R. |
spellingShingle |
Haine, T.W.N. Curry, B. Gerdes, R. Hansen, E. Karcher, M. Lee, C. Rudels, B. Spreen, G. de Steur, L. Stewart, K.D. Woodgate, R. Arctic freshwater export: Status, mechanisms, and prospects |
author_facet |
Haine, T.W.N. Curry, B. Gerdes, R. Hansen, E. Karcher, M. Lee, C. Rudels, B. Spreen, G. de Steur, L. Stewart, K.D. Woodgate, R. |
author_sort |
Haine, T.W.N. |
title |
Arctic freshwater export: Status, mechanisms, and prospects |
title_short |
Arctic freshwater export: Status, mechanisms, and prospects |
title_full |
Arctic freshwater export: Status, mechanisms, and prospects |
title_fullStr |
Arctic freshwater export: Status, mechanisms, and prospects |
title_full_unstemmed |
Arctic freshwater export: Status, mechanisms, and prospects |
title_sort |
arctic freshwater export: status, mechanisms, and prospects |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
http://imis.nioz.nl/imis.php?module=ref&refid=245605 |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Baffin Bay Bering Strait Canadian Arctic Archipelago |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Baffin Bay Bering Strait Canadian Arctic Archipelago |
genre |
Arctic Archipelago Arctic Arctic Ocean Baffin Bay Baffin Bay Baffin Bering Strait Canadian Arctic Archipelago Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Archipelago Arctic Arctic Ocean Baffin Bay Baffin Bay Baffin Bering Strait Canadian Arctic Archipelago Sea ice |
op_source |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/000349580900003 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2014.11.013 http://imis.nioz.nl/imis.php?module=ref&refid=245605 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2014.11.013 |
container_title |
Global and Planetary Change |
container_volume |
125 |
container_start_page |
13 |
op_container_end_page |
35 |
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1766303068421357568 |