Fluvial and hydrothermal input of manganese into the Arctic Ocean
A total of 773 samples were analysed for dissolved manganese (Mn) in the Arctic Ocean aboard R. V. Polarstern during expedition ARK XXII/2 from 28 July until 07 October 2007 from Tromso (Norway) to Bremerhaven. Concentrations of Mn were elevated in the surface layer with concentrations of up to 6 nM...
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ftnioz:oai:imis.nioz.nl:231319 2023-05-15T14:58:06+02:00 Fluvial and hydrothermal input of manganese into the Arctic Ocean Middag, R. de Baar, H.J.W. Laan, P. Klunder, M.B. 2011 http://imis.nioz.nl/imis.php?module=ref&refid=231319 en eng info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/000293033300011 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.02.011 http://imis.nioz.nl/imis.php?module=ref&refid=231319 info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess %3Ci%3EGeochim.+Cosmochim.+Acta+75%289%29%3C%2Fi%3E%3A+2393-2408.+%3Ca+href%3D%22https%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1016%2Fj.gca.2011.02.011%22+target%3D%22_blank%22%3Ehttps%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1016%2Fj.gca.2011.02.011%3C%2Fa%3E info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 2011 ftnioz https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.02.011 2022-05-01T13:58:17Z A total of 773 samples were analysed for dissolved manganese (Mn) in the Arctic Ocean aboard R. V. Polarstern during expedition ARK XXII/2 from 28 July until 07 October 2007 from Tromso (Norway) to Bremerhaven. Concentrations of Mn were elevated in the surface layer with concentrations of up to 6 nM over the deep Basins and over 20 nM in the Laptev Sea. The general distribution of Mn through the water column is consistent with previous studies, but there are differences in the absolute concentrations that are most likely related to differences in sample area, sampling and filtration. The elevated concentrations of Mn in the surface layer are related to fresh water input. This was visible in the strong negative correlations observed between dissolved Mn and salinity. The correlation between Mn and salinity and the correlation between Mn and the quasi conservative trace water mass tracer PO(4)*, showed fluvial and melt water input and the Pacific and Atlantic origin of the surface waters. A large portion of the Mn delivered by the Arctic rivers is removed in the shelf seas and does not pass into the central basins. Most likely a benthic flux is at the origin of the elevated concentrations of Mn near the sediments in the Barents and Kara Seas. These elevated concentrations of Mn apparently affected the deep basins as well, as maxima in the concentrations of Mn were observed that corresponded with lowered transmission over the continental slope. A maximum in the concentration of Mn in the deep basin corresponded with anomalies in light transmission, potential temperature and dissolved iron, confirming the hydrothermal origin. The hydrothermal plume was observed throughout the Nansen Basin and over the deep Gakkel Ridge around 2500 m depth and a smaller plume was observed around 3200 m. The concentration of Mn at the Mn maximum around 2500 m depth decreased exponentially, consistent with a first order scavenging model. The concentrations of Mn were extremely low in the deep Makarov Basin (similar to 0.05 nM) and slightly higher in the Eurasian Basin (similar to 0.1 nM) outside the influence of the hydrothermal activity. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Ocean laptev Laptev Sea makarov basin Nansen Nansen Basin Tromso Tromso NIOZ Repository (Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research) Arctic Arctic Ocean Gakkel Ridge ENVELOPE(90.000,90.000,87.000,87.000) Laptev Sea Makarov Basin ENVELOPE(170.000,170.000,87.000,87.000) Norway Pacific Tromso ENVELOPE(16.546,16.546,68.801,68.801) Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 75 9 2393 2408 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
NIOZ Repository (Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research) |
op_collection_id |
ftnioz |
language |
English |
description |
A total of 773 samples were analysed for dissolved manganese (Mn) in the Arctic Ocean aboard R. V. Polarstern during expedition ARK XXII/2 from 28 July until 07 October 2007 from Tromso (Norway) to Bremerhaven. Concentrations of Mn were elevated in the surface layer with concentrations of up to 6 nM over the deep Basins and over 20 nM in the Laptev Sea. The general distribution of Mn through the water column is consistent with previous studies, but there are differences in the absolute concentrations that are most likely related to differences in sample area, sampling and filtration. The elevated concentrations of Mn in the surface layer are related to fresh water input. This was visible in the strong negative correlations observed between dissolved Mn and salinity. The correlation between Mn and salinity and the correlation between Mn and the quasi conservative trace water mass tracer PO(4)*, showed fluvial and melt water input and the Pacific and Atlantic origin of the surface waters. A large portion of the Mn delivered by the Arctic rivers is removed in the shelf seas and does not pass into the central basins. Most likely a benthic flux is at the origin of the elevated concentrations of Mn near the sediments in the Barents and Kara Seas. These elevated concentrations of Mn apparently affected the deep basins as well, as maxima in the concentrations of Mn were observed that corresponded with lowered transmission over the continental slope. A maximum in the concentration of Mn in the deep basin corresponded with anomalies in light transmission, potential temperature and dissolved iron, confirming the hydrothermal origin. The hydrothermal plume was observed throughout the Nansen Basin and over the deep Gakkel Ridge around 2500 m depth and a smaller plume was observed around 3200 m. The concentration of Mn at the Mn maximum around 2500 m depth decreased exponentially, consistent with a first order scavenging model. The concentrations of Mn were extremely low in the deep Makarov Basin (similar to 0.05 nM) and slightly higher in the Eurasian Basin (similar to 0.1 nM) outside the influence of the hydrothermal activity. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Middag, R. de Baar, H.J.W. Laan, P. Klunder, M.B. |
spellingShingle |
Middag, R. de Baar, H.J.W. Laan, P. Klunder, M.B. Fluvial and hydrothermal input of manganese into the Arctic Ocean |
author_facet |
Middag, R. de Baar, H.J.W. Laan, P. Klunder, M.B. |
author_sort |
Middag, R. |
title |
Fluvial and hydrothermal input of manganese into the Arctic Ocean |
title_short |
Fluvial and hydrothermal input of manganese into the Arctic Ocean |
title_full |
Fluvial and hydrothermal input of manganese into the Arctic Ocean |
title_fullStr |
Fluvial and hydrothermal input of manganese into the Arctic Ocean |
title_full_unstemmed |
Fluvial and hydrothermal input of manganese into the Arctic Ocean |
title_sort |
fluvial and hydrothermal input of manganese into the arctic ocean |
publishDate |
2011 |
url |
http://imis.nioz.nl/imis.php?module=ref&refid=231319 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(90.000,90.000,87.000,87.000) ENVELOPE(170.000,170.000,87.000,87.000) ENVELOPE(16.546,16.546,68.801,68.801) |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Gakkel Ridge Laptev Sea Makarov Basin Norway Pacific Tromso |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Gakkel Ridge Laptev Sea Makarov Basin Norway Pacific Tromso |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Ocean laptev Laptev Sea makarov basin Nansen Nansen Basin Tromso Tromso |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean laptev Laptev Sea makarov basin Nansen Nansen Basin Tromso Tromso |
op_source |
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op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/000293033300011 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.02.011 http://imis.nioz.nl/imis.php?module=ref&refid=231319 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.02.011 |
container_title |
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta |
container_volume |
75 |
container_issue |
9 |
container_start_page |
2393 |
op_container_end_page |
2408 |
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1766330192807067648 |