Iron from melting glaciers fuels phytoplankton blooms in the Amundsen Sea (Southern Ocean): Phytoplankton characteristics and productivity
The phytoplankton community composition and productivity in waters of the Amundsen Sea and surrounding sea ice zone were characterized with respect to iron (Fe) input from melting glaciers. High Fe input from glaciers such as the Pine Island Glacier, and the Dotson and Crosson ice shelves resulted i...
Published in: | Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography |
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Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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ftnioz:oai:imis.nioz.nl:231003 2023-05-15T13:23:52+02:00 Iron from melting glaciers fuels phytoplankton blooms in the Amundsen Sea (Southern Ocean): Phytoplankton characteristics and productivity Alderkamp, A.C. Mills, M.M. van Dijken, G.L. Laan, P. Thuróczy, C.-E. Gerringa, L.J.A. de Baar, H.J.W. Payne, C.D. Visser, R.J.W. Buma, A.G.J. Arrigo, K.R. 2012 http://imis.nioz.nl/imis.php?module=ref&refid=231003 en eng info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/000305720600004 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.03.005 http://imis.nioz.nl/imis.php?module=ref&refid=231003 info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess %3Ci%3EDeep-Sea+Res.,+Part+II,+Top.+Stud.+Oceanogr.+71-76%3C%2Fi%3E%3A+32-48.+%3Ca+href%3D%22https%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1016%2Fj.dsr2.2012.03.005%22+target%3D%22_blank%22%3Ehttps%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1016%2Fj.dsr2.2012.03.005%3C%2Fa%3E Bacillariophyceae [Featherlike diatoms] Phaeocystis info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 2012 ftnioz https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.03.005 2022-05-01T13:56:52Z The phytoplankton community composition and productivity in waters of the Amundsen Sea and surrounding sea ice zone were characterized with respect to iron (Fe) input from melting glaciers. High Fe input from glaciers such as the Pine Island Glacier, and the Dotson and Crosson ice shelves resulted in dense phytoplankton blooms in surface waters of Pine Island Bay, Pine Island Polynya, and Amundsen Polynya. Phytoplankton biomass distribution was the opposite of the distribution of dissolved Fe (DFe), confirming the uptake of glacial DFe in surface waters by phytoplankton. Phytoplankton biomass in the polynyas ranged from 0.6 to 14 mu g Chl a L-1, with lower biomass at glacier sites where strong upwelling of Modified Circumpolar Deep Water from beneath glacier tongues was observed. Phytoplankton blooms in the polynyas were dominated by the haptophyte Phaeocystis antarctica, whereas the phytoplankton community in the sea ice zone was a mix of P. antarctica and diatoms, resembling the species distribution in the Ross Sea. Water column productivity based on photosynthesis versus irradiance characteristics averaged 3.00 g C m(-2)d(-1) in polynya sites, which was approximately twice as high as in the sea ice zone. The highest water column productivity was observed in the Pine Island Polynya, where both thermally and salinity stratified waters resulted in a shallow surface mixed layer with high phytoplankton biomass. In contrast, new production based on NO3 uptake was similar between different polynya sites, where a deeper UML in the weakly, thermally stratified Pine Island Bay resulted in deeper NO3 removal, thereby offsetting the lower productivity at the surface. These are the first in situ observations that confirm satellite observations of high phytoplankton biomass and productivity in the Amundsen Sea. Moreover, the high phytoplankton productivity as a result of glacial input of DFe is the first evidence that melting glaciers have the potential to increase phytoplankton productivity and thereby CO2 uptake, resulting in a small negative feedback to anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Article in Journal/Newspaper Amundsen Sea Antarc* Antarctica Ice Shelves Pine Island Pine Island Bay Pine Island Glacier Ross Sea Sea ice Southern Ocean NIOZ Repository (Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research) Southern Ocean Ross Sea Amundsen Sea Pine Island Glacier ENVELOPE(-101.000,-101.000,-75.000,-75.000) Island Bay ENVELOPE(-109.085,-109.085,59.534,59.534) Pine Island Bay ENVELOPE(-102.000,-102.000,-74.750,-74.750) Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 71-76 32 48 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
NIOZ Repository (Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research) |
op_collection_id |
ftnioz |
language |
English |
topic |
Bacillariophyceae [Featherlike diatoms] Phaeocystis |
spellingShingle |
Bacillariophyceae [Featherlike diatoms] Phaeocystis Alderkamp, A.C. Mills, M.M. van Dijken, G.L. Laan, P. Thuróczy, C.-E. Gerringa, L.J.A. de Baar, H.J.W. Payne, C.D. Visser, R.J.W. Buma, A.G.J. Arrigo, K.R. Iron from melting glaciers fuels phytoplankton blooms in the Amundsen Sea (Southern Ocean): Phytoplankton characteristics and productivity |
topic_facet |
Bacillariophyceae [Featherlike diatoms] Phaeocystis |
description |
The phytoplankton community composition and productivity in waters of the Amundsen Sea and surrounding sea ice zone were characterized with respect to iron (Fe) input from melting glaciers. High Fe input from glaciers such as the Pine Island Glacier, and the Dotson and Crosson ice shelves resulted in dense phytoplankton blooms in surface waters of Pine Island Bay, Pine Island Polynya, and Amundsen Polynya. Phytoplankton biomass distribution was the opposite of the distribution of dissolved Fe (DFe), confirming the uptake of glacial DFe in surface waters by phytoplankton. Phytoplankton biomass in the polynyas ranged from 0.6 to 14 mu g Chl a L-1, with lower biomass at glacier sites where strong upwelling of Modified Circumpolar Deep Water from beneath glacier tongues was observed. Phytoplankton blooms in the polynyas were dominated by the haptophyte Phaeocystis antarctica, whereas the phytoplankton community in the sea ice zone was a mix of P. antarctica and diatoms, resembling the species distribution in the Ross Sea. Water column productivity based on photosynthesis versus irradiance characteristics averaged 3.00 g C m(-2)d(-1) in polynya sites, which was approximately twice as high as in the sea ice zone. The highest water column productivity was observed in the Pine Island Polynya, where both thermally and salinity stratified waters resulted in a shallow surface mixed layer with high phytoplankton biomass. In contrast, new production based on NO3 uptake was similar between different polynya sites, where a deeper UML in the weakly, thermally stratified Pine Island Bay resulted in deeper NO3 removal, thereby offsetting the lower productivity at the surface. These are the first in situ observations that confirm satellite observations of high phytoplankton biomass and productivity in the Amundsen Sea. Moreover, the high phytoplankton productivity as a result of glacial input of DFe is the first evidence that melting glaciers have the potential to increase phytoplankton productivity and thereby CO2 uptake, resulting in a small negative feedback to anthropogenic CO2 emissions. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Alderkamp, A.C. Mills, M.M. van Dijken, G.L. Laan, P. Thuróczy, C.-E. Gerringa, L.J.A. de Baar, H.J.W. Payne, C.D. Visser, R.J.W. Buma, A.G.J. Arrigo, K.R. |
author_facet |
Alderkamp, A.C. Mills, M.M. van Dijken, G.L. Laan, P. Thuróczy, C.-E. Gerringa, L.J.A. de Baar, H.J.W. Payne, C.D. Visser, R.J.W. Buma, A.G.J. Arrigo, K.R. |
author_sort |
Alderkamp, A.C. |
title |
Iron from melting glaciers fuels phytoplankton blooms in the Amundsen Sea (Southern Ocean): Phytoplankton characteristics and productivity |
title_short |
Iron from melting glaciers fuels phytoplankton blooms in the Amundsen Sea (Southern Ocean): Phytoplankton characteristics and productivity |
title_full |
Iron from melting glaciers fuels phytoplankton blooms in the Amundsen Sea (Southern Ocean): Phytoplankton characteristics and productivity |
title_fullStr |
Iron from melting glaciers fuels phytoplankton blooms in the Amundsen Sea (Southern Ocean): Phytoplankton characteristics and productivity |
title_full_unstemmed |
Iron from melting glaciers fuels phytoplankton blooms in the Amundsen Sea (Southern Ocean): Phytoplankton characteristics and productivity |
title_sort |
iron from melting glaciers fuels phytoplankton blooms in the amundsen sea (southern ocean): phytoplankton characteristics and productivity |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
http://imis.nioz.nl/imis.php?module=ref&refid=231003 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-101.000,-101.000,-75.000,-75.000) ENVELOPE(-109.085,-109.085,59.534,59.534) ENVELOPE(-102.000,-102.000,-74.750,-74.750) |
geographic |
Southern Ocean Ross Sea Amundsen Sea Pine Island Glacier Island Bay Pine Island Bay |
geographic_facet |
Southern Ocean Ross Sea Amundsen Sea Pine Island Glacier Island Bay Pine Island Bay |
genre |
Amundsen Sea Antarc* Antarctica Ice Shelves Pine Island Pine Island Bay Pine Island Glacier Ross Sea Sea ice Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Amundsen Sea Antarc* Antarctica Ice Shelves Pine Island Pine Island Bay Pine Island Glacier Ross Sea Sea ice Southern Ocean |
op_source |
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op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/000305720600004 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.03.005 http://imis.nioz.nl/imis.php?module=ref&refid=231003 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.03.005 |
container_title |
Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography |
container_volume |
71-76 |
container_start_page |
32 |
op_container_end_page |
48 |
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1766375981783711744 |