Extreme event impacts on CO2 fluxes across a range of high latitude, shrub-dominated ecosystems
The Arctic is experiencing an increased frequency of extreme events which can cause landscape-scale vegetation damage. Extreme event-driven damage is an important driver of the decline in vegetation productivity (termed ‘Arctic browning’) which has become an increasingly important component of pan-A...
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ftninstnf:oai:brage.nina.no:11250/2728478 2023-05-15T14:40:09+02:00 Extreme event impacts on CO2 fluxes across a range of high latitude, shrub-dominated ecosystems Treharne, Rachael Bjerke, Jarle W. Tømmervik, Hans Phoenix, Gareth K. Arctic 2020 application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2728478 https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abb0b1 eng eng urn:issn:1748-9326 https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2728478 https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abb0b1 cristin:1824786 Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no © 2020 The Author(s). CC-BY Environmental Research Letters Arctic browning climate change dwarf shrub extreme events snow cover winter VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Økologi: 488 Peer reviewed Journal article 2020 ftninstnf https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abb0b1 2021-12-23T07:17:18Z The Arctic is experiencing an increased frequency of extreme events which can cause landscape-scale vegetation damage. Extreme event-driven damage is an important driver of the decline in vegetation productivity (termed ‘Arctic browning’) which has become an increasingly important component of pan-Arctic vegetation change in recent years. A limited number of studies have demonstrated that event-driven damage can have major impacts on ecosystem CO2 balance, reducing ecosystem carbon sink strength. However, although there are many different extreme events that cause Arctic browning and different ecosystem types that are affected, there is no understanding of how impacts on CO2 fluxes might vary between these, or of whether commonalities in response exist that would simplify incorporation of extreme event-driven Arctic browning into models. To address this, the impacts of different extreme events (frost-drought, extreme winter warming, ground icing and a herbivore insect outbreak) on growing season CO2 fluxes of Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE), Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (Reco) were assessed at five sites from the boreal to High Arctic (64◦N-79◦N) in mainland Norway and Svalbard. Event-driven browning had consistent, major impacts across contrasting sites and event drivers, causing site-level reductions of up to 81% of NEE, 51% of GPP and 37% of Reco. Furthermore, at sites where plot-level NDVI (greenness) data were obtained, strong linear relationships between NDVI and NEE were identified, indicating clear potential for impacts of browning on CO2 balance to be consistently, predictably related to loss of greenness across contrasting types of events and heathland ecosystems. This represents the first attempt to compare the consequences of browning driven by different extreme events on ecosystem CO2 balance, and provides an important step towards a better understanding of how ecosystem CO2 balance will respond to continuing climate change at high latitudes. publishedVersion Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Climate change Svalbard Norwegian Institute for Nature Research: Brage NINA Arctic Browning ENVELOPE(164.050,164.050,-74.617,-74.617) Norway Svalbard Environmental Research Letters 15 10 104084 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Norwegian Institute for Nature Research: Brage NINA |
op_collection_id |
ftninstnf |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic browning climate change dwarf shrub extreme events snow cover winter VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Økologi: 488 |
spellingShingle |
Arctic browning climate change dwarf shrub extreme events snow cover winter VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Økologi: 488 Treharne, Rachael Bjerke, Jarle W. Tømmervik, Hans Phoenix, Gareth K. Extreme event impacts on CO2 fluxes across a range of high latitude, shrub-dominated ecosystems |
topic_facet |
Arctic browning climate change dwarf shrub extreme events snow cover winter VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Økologi: 488 |
description |
The Arctic is experiencing an increased frequency of extreme events which can cause landscape-scale vegetation damage. Extreme event-driven damage is an important driver of the decline in vegetation productivity (termed ‘Arctic browning’) which has become an increasingly important component of pan-Arctic vegetation change in recent years. A limited number of studies have demonstrated that event-driven damage can have major impacts on ecosystem CO2 balance, reducing ecosystem carbon sink strength. However, although there are many different extreme events that cause Arctic browning and different ecosystem types that are affected, there is no understanding of how impacts on CO2 fluxes might vary between these, or of whether commonalities in response exist that would simplify incorporation of extreme event-driven Arctic browning into models. To address this, the impacts of different extreme events (frost-drought, extreme winter warming, ground icing and a herbivore insect outbreak) on growing season CO2 fluxes of Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE), Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (Reco) were assessed at five sites from the boreal to High Arctic (64◦N-79◦N) in mainland Norway and Svalbard. Event-driven browning had consistent, major impacts across contrasting sites and event drivers, causing site-level reductions of up to 81% of NEE, 51% of GPP and 37% of Reco. Furthermore, at sites where plot-level NDVI (greenness) data were obtained, strong linear relationships between NDVI and NEE were identified, indicating clear potential for impacts of browning on CO2 balance to be consistently, predictably related to loss of greenness across contrasting types of events and heathland ecosystems. This represents the first attempt to compare the consequences of browning driven by different extreme events on ecosystem CO2 balance, and provides an important step towards a better understanding of how ecosystem CO2 balance will respond to continuing climate change at high latitudes. publishedVersion |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Treharne, Rachael Bjerke, Jarle W. Tømmervik, Hans Phoenix, Gareth K. |
author_facet |
Treharne, Rachael Bjerke, Jarle W. Tømmervik, Hans Phoenix, Gareth K. |
author_sort |
Treharne, Rachael |
title |
Extreme event impacts on CO2 fluxes across a range of high latitude, shrub-dominated ecosystems |
title_short |
Extreme event impacts on CO2 fluxes across a range of high latitude, shrub-dominated ecosystems |
title_full |
Extreme event impacts on CO2 fluxes across a range of high latitude, shrub-dominated ecosystems |
title_fullStr |
Extreme event impacts on CO2 fluxes across a range of high latitude, shrub-dominated ecosystems |
title_full_unstemmed |
Extreme event impacts on CO2 fluxes across a range of high latitude, shrub-dominated ecosystems |
title_sort |
extreme event impacts on co2 fluxes across a range of high latitude, shrub-dominated ecosystems |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2728478 https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abb0b1 |
op_coverage |
Arctic |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(164.050,164.050,-74.617,-74.617) |
geographic |
Arctic Browning Norway Svalbard |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Browning Norway Svalbard |
genre |
Arctic Climate change Svalbard |
genre_facet |
Arctic Climate change Svalbard |
op_source |
Environmental Research Letters |
op_relation |
urn:issn:1748-9326 https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2728478 https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abb0b1 cristin:1824786 |
op_rights |
Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no © 2020 The Author(s). |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abb0b1 |
container_title |
Environmental Research Letters |
container_volume |
15 |
container_issue |
10 |
container_start_page |
104084 |
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1766312060931538944 |