Monitoring presence and abundance of two gyrodactylid ectoparasites and their salmonid hosts using environmental DNA
Background: Invasive species represent a major challenge for the conservation of biodiversity. The invasive ectoparasitic fluke Gyrodactylus salaris is considered one of the major threats to the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), and the parasite has so far been detected in 50 rivers in Norway. Aims: We...
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2628700 https://doi.org/10.1002/edn3.45 |
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ftninstnf:oai:brage.nina.no:11250/2628700 2023-05-15T15:31:37+02:00 Monitoring presence and abundance of two gyrodactylid ectoparasites and their salmonid hosts using environmental DNA Fossøy, Frode Brandsegg, Hege Sivertsgård, Rolf Pettersen, Oskar Sandercock, Brett K. Solem, Øyvind Hindar, Kjetil Mo, Tor Atle Norway, Norge 2019 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2628700 https://doi.org/10.1002/edn3.45 eng eng urn:issn:2637-4943 http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2628700 https://doi.org/10.1002/edn3.45 cristin:1747384 Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no © 2019 The Authors. CC-BY Environmental DNA Atlantic salmon ddPCR eDNA Gyrodactylus salaris VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 Peer reviewed 2019 ftninstnf https://doi.org/10.1002/edn3.45 2021-12-23T07:17:18Z Background: Invasive species represent a major challenge for the conservation of biodiversity. The invasive ectoparasitic fluke Gyrodactylus salaris is considered one of the major threats to the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), and the parasite has so far been detected in 50 rivers in Norway. Aims: We investigate environmental DNA (eDNA) as a tool for detecting and assessing relative abundance of G. salaris and Atlantic salmon, upstream and downstream of a recently constructed artificial migration barrier in the River Driva in Norway. In addition, we also use eDNA to assess abundance of the less pathogenic G. derjavinoides and its main host, the brown trout (S. trutta). Material & Methods: We filtered 1 L and 10 L of water through a 0.45 μm cellulose filter and a 2.0 μm glass fiber filter, respectively, at nine different localities along the river. Concentrations of eDNA were assessed using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) and compared to parasite abundance based on conventional methodology using electrofishing and the counting of individual parasites on juvenile salmon. Results: All four species could successfully be detected from water samples using two different protocols varying in sample volumes, filter types, and DNA‐isolation methods. However, eDNA‐occupancy modeling revealed that the probability of detecting the two gyrodactylid species was higher when filtering 10 L water through a 2.0 μm glass fiber filter (p > .99) than when filtering 1 L water through a 0.45 μm cellulose filter (p = .48–.78). The eDNA concentrations of the two fish species were markedly higher below the migration barrier, reflecting the expected higher biomass of fish. For the two gyrodactylid parasites, eDNA concentrations showed a peak upstream of the migration barrier and decreased below the migration barrier. The observed pattern was consistent with parasite abundance based on conventional methodology. Discussion: Assessing abundance in rivers using eDNA is challenging and potentially influenced by downstream accumulation and dilution from tributaries, but our results suggest that G. salaris eDNA concentrations were indicative of parasite abundance. Conclusion: We conclude that eDNA is an efficient way of monitoring gyrodactylid parasites and their salmonid hosts, and we suggest that eDNA should be incorporated into future monitoring of G. salaris. Text Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Norwegian Institute for Nature Research: Brage NINA Driva ENVELOPE(9.633,9.633,62.533,62.533) Norway Environmental DNA 2 1 53 62 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Norwegian Institute for Nature Research: Brage NINA |
op_collection_id |
ftninstnf |
language |
English |
topic |
Atlantic salmon ddPCR eDNA Gyrodactylus salaris VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 |
spellingShingle |
Atlantic salmon ddPCR eDNA Gyrodactylus salaris VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 Fossøy, Frode Brandsegg, Hege Sivertsgård, Rolf Pettersen, Oskar Sandercock, Brett K. Solem, Øyvind Hindar, Kjetil Mo, Tor Atle Monitoring presence and abundance of two gyrodactylid ectoparasites and their salmonid hosts using environmental DNA |
topic_facet |
Atlantic salmon ddPCR eDNA Gyrodactylus salaris VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 |
description |
Background: Invasive species represent a major challenge for the conservation of biodiversity. The invasive ectoparasitic fluke Gyrodactylus salaris is considered one of the major threats to the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), and the parasite has so far been detected in 50 rivers in Norway. Aims: We investigate environmental DNA (eDNA) as a tool for detecting and assessing relative abundance of G. salaris and Atlantic salmon, upstream and downstream of a recently constructed artificial migration barrier in the River Driva in Norway. In addition, we also use eDNA to assess abundance of the less pathogenic G. derjavinoides and its main host, the brown trout (S. trutta). Material & Methods: We filtered 1 L and 10 L of water through a 0.45 μm cellulose filter and a 2.0 μm glass fiber filter, respectively, at nine different localities along the river. Concentrations of eDNA were assessed using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) and compared to parasite abundance based on conventional methodology using electrofishing and the counting of individual parasites on juvenile salmon. Results: All four species could successfully be detected from water samples using two different protocols varying in sample volumes, filter types, and DNA‐isolation methods. However, eDNA‐occupancy modeling revealed that the probability of detecting the two gyrodactylid species was higher when filtering 10 L water through a 2.0 μm glass fiber filter (p > .99) than when filtering 1 L water through a 0.45 μm cellulose filter (p = .48–.78). The eDNA concentrations of the two fish species were markedly higher below the migration barrier, reflecting the expected higher biomass of fish. For the two gyrodactylid parasites, eDNA concentrations showed a peak upstream of the migration barrier and decreased below the migration barrier. The observed pattern was consistent with parasite abundance based on conventional methodology. Discussion: Assessing abundance in rivers using eDNA is challenging and potentially influenced by downstream accumulation and dilution from tributaries, but our results suggest that G. salaris eDNA concentrations were indicative of parasite abundance. Conclusion: We conclude that eDNA is an efficient way of monitoring gyrodactylid parasites and their salmonid hosts, and we suggest that eDNA should be incorporated into future monitoring of G. salaris. |
format |
Text |
author |
Fossøy, Frode Brandsegg, Hege Sivertsgård, Rolf Pettersen, Oskar Sandercock, Brett K. Solem, Øyvind Hindar, Kjetil Mo, Tor Atle |
author_facet |
Fossøy, Frode Brandsegg, Hege Sivertsgård, Rolf Pettersen, Oskar Sandercock, Brett K. Solem, Øyvind Hindar, Kjetil Mo, Tor Atle |
author_sort |
Fossøy, Frode |
title |
Monitoring presence and abundance of two gyrodactylid ectoparasites and their salmonid hosts using environmental DNA |
title_short |
Monitoring presence and abundance of two gyrodactylid ectoparasites and their salmonid hosts using environmental DNA |
title_full |
Monitoring presence and abundance of two gyrodactylid ectoparasites and their salmonid hosts using environmental DNA |
title_fullStr |
Monitoring presence and abundance of two gyrodactylid ectoparasites and their salmonid hosts using environmental DNA |
title_full_unstemmed |
Monitoring presence and abundance of two gyrodactylid ectoparasites and their salmonid hosts using environmental DNA |
title_sort |
monitoring presence and abundance of two gyrodactylid ectoparasites and their salmonid hosts using environmental dna |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2628700 https://doi.org/10.1002/edn3.45 |
op_coverage |
Norway, Norge |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(9.633,9.633,62.533,62.533) |
geographic |
Driva Norway |
geographic_facet |
Driva Norway |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
Environmental DNA |
op_relation |
urn:issn:2637-4943 http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2628700 https://doi.org/10.1002/edn3.45 cristin:1747384 |
op_rights |
Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no © 2019 The Authors. |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/edn3.45 |
container_title |
Environmental DNA |
container_volume |
2 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
53 |
op_container_end_page |
62 |
_version_ |
1766362151550713856 |