Effects of salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis on wild sea trout Salmo trutta—a literature review
Salmon farming increases the abundance of salmon lice, which are ectoparasites of salmonids in the sea. Here we review the current knowledge on the effects of salmon lice on wild sea trout. Salmon lice feed on host mucus, skin and muscle, and infestation may induce osmoregulatory dysfunction, physio...
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2359600 https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00142 |
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ftninstnf:oai:brage.nina.no:11250/2359600 2023-06-11T04:10:21+02:00 Effects of salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis on wild sea trout Salmo trutta—a literature review Thorstad, Eva Bonsak Todd, Christopher D. Uglem, Ingebrigt Bjørn, Pål Arne Gargan, Patrick G. Vollset, Knut Wiik Halttunen, Elina Kålås, Steinar Berg, Marius Finstad, Bengt 2015 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2359600 https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00142 eng eng Aquaculture Environment Interactions 2015, 7:91-113 urn:issn:1869-7534 http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2359600 https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00142 cristin:1260480 Navngivelse 3.0 Norge http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/no/ 91-113 7 Aquaculture Environment Interactions salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis sea trout Salmo trutta parasite aquaculture salmon farming VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400 Peer reviewed Journal article 2015 ftninstnf https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00142 2023-05-31T22:47:59Z Salmon farming increases the abundance of salmon lice, which are ectoparasites of salmonids in the sea. Here we review the current knowledge on the effects of salmon lice on wild sea trout. Salmon lice feed on host mucus, skin and muscle, and infestation may induce osmoregulatory dysfunction, physiological stress, anaemia, reduced feeding and growth, increased susceptibility to secondary infections, reduced disease resistance and ultimately mortality of individual sea trout. Wild sea trout in farm-free areas generally show low lice levels. In farm-intensive areas, lice levels on wild sea trout are typically higher, and more variable than in farm-free areas. Lice on wild sea trout are found at elevated levels particularly within 30 km of the nearest farms but can also extend to further ranges. Salmon lice in intensively farmed areas have negatively impacted wild sea trout populations by reducing growth and increasing marine mortality. Quantification of these impacts remains a challenge, although population-level effects have been quantified in Atlantic salmon by comparing the survival of chemically protected fish with control groups, which are relevant also for sea trout. Mortality attributable to salmon lice can lead to an average of 12−29% fewer salmon spawners. Reduced growth and increased mortality will reduce the benefits of marine migration for sea trout, and may also result in selection against anadromy in areas with high lice levels. Salmon lice-induced effects on sea trout populations may also extend to altered genetic composition and reduced diversity, and possibly to the local loss of sea trout, and establishment of exclusively freshwater resident populations. Salmon lice · Lepeophtheirus salmonis · Sea trout · Salmo trutta · Parasite · Aquaculture · Salmon farming Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Norwegian Institute for Nature Research: Brage NINA Aquaculture Environment Interactions 7 2 91 113 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Norwegian Institute for Nature Research: Brage NINA |
op_collection_id |
ftninstnf |
language |
English |
topic |
salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis sea trout Salmo trutta parasite aquaculture salmon farming VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400 |
spellingShingle |
salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis sea trout Salmo trutta parasite aquaculture salmon farming VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400 Thorstad, Eva Bonsak Todd, Christopher D. Uglem, Ingebrigt Bjørn, Pål Arne Gargan, Patrick G. Vollset, Knut Wiik Halttunen, Elina Kålås, Steinar Berg, Marius Finstad, Bengt Effects of salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis on wild sea trout Salmo trutta—a literature review |
topic_facet |
salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis sea trout Salmo trutta parasite aquaculture salmon farming VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400 |
description |
Salmon farming increases the abundance of salmon lice, which are ectoparasites of salmonids in the sea. Here we review the current knowledge on the effects of salmon lice on wild sea trout. Salmon lice feed on host mucus, skin and muscle, and infestation may induce osmoregulatory dysfunction, physiological stress, anaemia, reduced feeding and growth, increased susceptibility to secondary infections, reduced disease resistance and ultimately mortality of individual sea trout. Wild sea trout in farm-free areas generally show low lice levels. In farm-intensive areas, lice levels on wild sea trout are typically higher, and more variable than in farm-free areas. Lice on wild sea trout are found at elevated levels particularly within 30 km of the nearest farms but can also extend to further ranges. Salmon lice in intensively farmed areas have negatively impacted wild sea trout populations by reducing growth and increasing marine mortality. Quantification of these impacts remains a challenge, although population-level effects have been quantified in Atlantic salmon by comparing the survival of chemically protected fish with control groups, which are relevant also for sea trout. Mortality attributable to salmon lice can lead to an average of 12−29% fewer salmon spawners. Reduced growth and increased mortality will reduce the benefits of marine migration for sea trout, and may also result in selection against anadromy in areas with high lice levels. Salmon lice-induced effects on sea trout populations may also extend to altered genetic composition and reduced diversity, and possibly to the local loss of sea trout, and establishment of exclusively freshwater resident populations. Salmon lice · Lepeophtheirus salmonis · Sea trout · Salmo trutta · Parasite · Aquaculture · Salmon farming |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Thorstad, Eva Bonsak Todd, Christopher D. Uglem, Ingebrigt Bjørn, Pål Arne Gargan, Patrick G. Vollset, Knut Wiik Halttunen, Elina Kålås, Steinar Berg, Marius Finstad, Bengt |
author_facet |
Thorstad, Eva Bonsak Todd, Christopher D. Uglem, Ingebrigt Bjørn, Pål Arne Gargan, Patrick G. Vollset, Knut Wiik Halttunen, Elina Kålås, Steinar Berg, Marius Finstad, Bengt |
author_sort |
Thorstad, Eva Bonsak |
title |
Effects of salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis on wild sea trout Salmo trutta—a literature review |
title_short |
Effects of salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis on wild sea trout Salmo trutta—a literature review |
title_full |
Effects of salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis on wild sea trout Salmo trutta—a literature review |
title_fullStr |
Effects of salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis on wild sea trout Salmo trutta—a literature review |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effects of salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis on wild sea trout Salmo trutta—a literature review |
title_sort |
effects of salmon lice lepeophtheirus salmonis on wild sea trout salmo trutta—a literature review |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2359600 https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00142 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon |
op_source |
91-113 7 Aquaculture Environment Interactions |
op_relation |
Aquaculture Environment Interactions 2015, 7:91-113 urn:issn:1869-7534 http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2359600 https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00142 cristin:1260480 |
op_rights |
Navngivelse 3.0 Norge http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/no/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00142 |
container_title |
Aquaculture Environment Interactions |
container_volume |
7 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
91 |
op_container_end_page |
113 |
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1768384703080955904 |