Impacts of snow season on ground-ice accumulation, soil frost andprimary productivity in a grassland of sub-Arctic Norway
Europe’s and the World’s northernmost agriculture is very vulnerable to harsh overwintering conditions. It is important from both an economic and societal standpoint to have accurate methods of predicting the severity and impact of the current snow season. Technology has advanced to enable such meas...
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ftninstnf:oai:brage.nina.no:11250/2359582 2023-06-11T04:09:10+02:00 Impacts of snow season on ground-ice accumulation, soil frost andprimary productivity in a grassland of sub-Arctic Norway Bjerke, Jarle W. Tømmervik, Hans Zielke, Matthias Jørgensen, Marit 2015 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2359582 https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/9/095007 eng eng Norges forskningsråd: 216434 Environmental Research Letters 2015, 10 urn:issn:1748-9326 http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2359582 https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/9/095007 cristin:1262928 Navngivelse-Ikkekommersiell-IngenBearbeidelse 3.0 Norge http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/no/ 095007 10 Environmental Research Letters climate change crop yield ice NDVI plant mortality snow dynamics winter climate Peer reviewed Journal article 2015 ftninstnf https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/9/095007 2023-05-31T22:47:59Z Europe’s and the World’s northernmost agriculture is very vulnerable to harsh overwintering conditions. It is important from both an economic and societal standpoint to have accurate methods of predicting the severity and impact of the current snow season. Technology has advanced to enable such measurements to be regularly recorded but despite this, a detailed assessment, involving remote sensing , of the impacts of various types of snow season on agricultural yields in northernmost Europe has not previously been undertaken. Here we characterize variation in snow types and concomitant soil frost and ground-ice accumulation at a Norwegian sub-Arctic, maritime-buffered site (Tromsø, Troms County, 69 °N) during the period 1989/90 to 2013/14 and analyse how winter conditions affect agricultural productivity (both measured in the field and using remote sensing). These data were then used to build important predictive modelling approaches. In total, five contrasting types of snow season were identified, from snow-rich with no soil frost and no ground-ice to low snow and considerable soil frost and ground-ice. Conditions of low snow and low soil frost and ground-ice that result from numerous warming events were rare within the time period studied but are predicted to become the dominant snow season type. Agricultural productivity was lowest and claim settlements paid to farmers were highest after winters with high accumulation of plant-damaging, hermetic ground-ice. Deep soil frost per se did not affect primary productivity. Overall, our results together with information from other sources, suggest that icy, low snow conditions are the most challenging of all seasonal types for both the environment and livelihoods in sub-Arctic Norway. Winters with extremely deep snow also cause considerable problems. As winters are expected to warm more than summers, it is likely that the winter climate will become an even stronger regulator of northern primary productivity. To better understand the physical and biological effects of ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Climate change Tromsø Troms Norwegian Institute for Nature Research: Brage NINA Arctic Norway Tromsø Environmental Research Letters 10 9 095007 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Norwegian Institute for Nature Research: Brage NINA |
op_collection_id |
ftninstnf |
language |
English |
topic |
climate change crop yield ice NDVI plant mortality snow dynamics winter climate |
spellingShingle |
climate change crop yield ice NDVI plant mortality snow dynamics winter climate Bjerke, Jarle W. Tømmervik, Hans Zielke, Matthias Jørgensen, Marit Impacts of snow season on ground-ice accumulation, soil frost andprimary productivity in a grassland of sub-Arctic Norway |
topic_facet |
climate change crop yield ice NDVI plant mortality snow dynamics winter climate |
description |
Europe’s and the World’s northernmost agriculture is very vulnerable to harsh overwintering conditions. It is important from both an economic and societal standpoint to have accurate methods of predicting the severity and impact of the current snow season. Technology has advanced to enable such measurements to be regularly recorded but despite this, a detailed assessment, involving remote sensing , of the impacts of various types of snow season on agricultural yields in northernmost Europe has not previously been undertaken. Here we characterize variation in snow types and concomitant soil frost and ground-ice accumulation at a Norwegian sub-Arctic, maritime-buffered site (Tromsø, Troms County, 69 °N) during the period 1989/90 to 2013/14 and analyse how winter conditions affect agricultural productivity (both measured in the field and using remote sensing). These data were then used to build important predictive modelling approaches. In total, five contrasting types of snow season were identified, from snow-rich with no soil frost and no ground-ice to low snow and considerable soil frost and ground-ice. Conditions of low snow and low soil frost and ground-ice that result from numerous warming events were rare within the time period studied but are predicted to become the dominant snow season type. Agricultural productivity was lowest and claim settlements paid to farmers were highest after winters with high accumulation of plant-damaging, hermetic ground-ice. Deep soil frost per se did not affect primary productivity. Overall, our results together with information from other sources, suggest that icy, low snow conditions are the most challenging of all seasonal types for both the environment and livelihoods in sub-Arctic Norway. Winters with extremely deep snow also cause considerable problems. As winters are expected to warm more than summers, it is likely that the winter climate will become an even stronger regulator of northern primary productivity. To better understand the physical and biological effects of ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Bjerke, Jarle W. Tømmervik, Hans Zielke, Matthias Jørgensen, Marit |
author_facet |
Bjerke, Jarle W. Tømmervik, Hans Zielke, Matthias Jørgensen, Marit |
author_sort |
Bjerke, Jarle W. |
title |
Impacts of snow season on ground-ice accumulation, soil frost andprimary productivity in a grassland of sub-Arctic Norway |
title_short |
Impacts of snow season on ground-ice accumulation, soil frost andprimary productivity in a grassland of sub-Arctic Norway |
title_full |
Impacts of snow season on ground-ice accumulation, soil frost andprimary productivity in a grassland of sub-Arctic Norway |
title_fullStr |
Impacts of snow season on ground-ice accumulation, soil frost andprimary productivity in a grassland of sub-Arctic Norway |
title_full_unstemmed |
Impacts of snow season on ground-ice accumulation, soil frost andprimary productivity in a grassland of sub-Arctic Norway |
title_sort |
impacts of snow season on ground-ice accumulation, soil frost andprimary productivity in a grassland of sub-arctic norway |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2359582 https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/9/095007 |
geographic |
Arctic Norway Tromsø |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Norway Tromsø |
genre |
Arctic Climate change Tromsø Troms |
genre_facet |
Arctic Climate change Tromsø Troms |
op_source |
095007 10 Environmental Research Letters |
op_relation |
Norges forskningsråd: 216434 Environmental Research Letters 2015, 10 urn:issn:1748-9326 http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2359582 https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/9/095007 cristin:1262928 |
op_rights |
Navngivelse-Ikkekommersiell-IngenBearbeidelse 3.0 Norge http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/no/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/9/095007 |
container_title |
Environmental Research Letters |
container_volume |
10 |
container_issue |
9 |
container_start_page |
095007 |
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1768382902020603904 |