Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol
This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Comm...
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Language: | English |
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2020
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2734576 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2338-1 |
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cardiovascular diseases risk factors Taddei, Cristina Zhou, Bin Bixby, Honor Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M. Danaei, Goodarz Jackson, Rod T. Ahmed, Soheir H Andersen, Lars Bo Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred Ariansen, Inger Kristine Holtermann Bjertness, Espen Bjertness, Marius Bergsmark Graff-Iversen, Sidsel Haugsgjerd, Teresa Risan Janszky, Imre Krokstad, Steinar Laugsand, Lars Erik Madar, Ahmed Ali Mathiesen, Ellisiv B. Sen, Abhijit Tell, Grete S. Vatten, Lars Johan Wilsgaard, Tom Farzadfar, Farshad Sophiea, Marisa K. Di Cesare, Mariachiara Iurilli, Maria L. C. Martinez, Andrea Rodriguez Asghari, Golaleh Dhana, Klodian Gulayin, Pablo Kakarmath, Sujay Santero, Marilina Voortman, Trudy Riley, Leanne M. Cowan, Melanie J. Savin, Stefan Bennett, James E. Stevens, Gretchen A. Paciorek, Christopher J. Aekplakorn, Wichai Cifkova, Renata Giampaoli, Simona Kengne, Andre Pascal Khang, Young-Ho Kuulasmaa, Kari Laxmaiah, Avula Margozzini, Paula Mathur, Prashant Meyer, Haakon E. Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol |
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cardiovascular diseases risk factors |
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This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health. However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol—which is a marker of cardiovascular risk—changed from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million–4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world. publishedVersion Institutt for idrettsmedisinske fag / Department of Sports Medicine |
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Article in Journal/Newspaper |
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Taddei, Cristina Zhou, Bin Bixby, Honor Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M. Danaei, Goodarz Jackson, Rod T. Ahmed, Soheir H Andersen, Lars Bo Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred Ariansen, Inger Kristine Holtermann Bjertness, Espen Bjertness, Marius Bergsmark Graff-Iversen, Sidsel Haugsgjerd, Teresa Risan Janszky, Imre Krokstad, Steinar Laugsand, Lars Erik Madar, Ahmed Ali Mathiesen, Ellisiv B. Sen, Abhijit Tell, Grete S. Vatten, Lars Johan Wilsgaard, Tom Farzadfar, Farshad Sophiea, Marisa K. Di Cesare, Mariachiara Iurilli, Maria L. C. Martinez, Andrea Rodriguez Asghari, Golaleh Dhana, Klodian Gulayin, Pablo Kakarmath, Sujay Santero, Marilina Voortman, Trudy Riley, Leanne M. Cowan, Melanie J. Savin, Stefan Bennett, James E. Stevens, Gretchen A. Paciorek, Christopher J. Aekplakorn, Wichai Cifkova, Renata Giampaoli, Simona Kengne, Andre Pascal Khang, Young-Ho Kuulasmaa, Kari Laxmaiah, Avula Margozzini, Paula Mathur, Prashant Meyer, Haakon E. |
author_facet |
Taddei, Cristina Zhou, Bin Bixby, Honor Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M. Danaei, Goodarz Jackson, Rod T. Ahmed, Soheir H Andersen, Lars Bo Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred Ariansen, Inger Kristine Holtermann Bjertness, Espen Bjertness, Marius Bergsmark Graff-Iversen, Sidsel Haugsgjerd, Teresa Risan Janszky, Imre Krokstad, Steinar Laugsand, Lars Erik Madar, Ahmed Ali Mathiesen, Ellisiv B. Sen, Abhijit Tell, Grete S. Vatten, Lars Johan Wilsgaard, Tom Farzadfar, Farshad Sophiea, Marisa K. Di Cesare, Mariachiara Iurilli, Maria L. C. Martinez, Andrea Rodriguez Asghari, Golaleh Dhana, Klodian Gulayin, Pablo Kakarmath, Sujay Santero, Marilina Voortman, Trudy Riley, Leanne M. Cowan, Melanie J. Savin, Stefan Bennett, James E. Stevens, Gretchen A. Paciorek, Christopher J. Aekplakorn, Wichai Cifkova, Renata Giampaoli, Simona Kengne, Andre Pascal Khang, Young-Ho Kuulasmaa, Kari Laxmaiah, Avula Margozzini, Paula Mathur, Prashant Meyer, Haakon E. |
author_sort |
Taddei, Cristina |
title |
Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol |
title_short |
Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol |
title_full |
Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol |
title_fullStr |
Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol |
title_full_unstemmed |
Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol |
title_sort |
repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol |
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2020 |
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https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2734576 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2338-1 |
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73-77 582 Nature 7810 |
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ftnihoegskole:oai:nih.brage.unit.no:11250/2734576 2023-05-15T16:30:41+02:00 Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol Taddei, Cristina Zhou, Bin Bixby, Honor Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M. Danaei, Goodarz Jackson, Rod T. Ahmed, Soheir H Andersen, Lars Bo Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred Ariansen, Inger Kristine Holtermann Bjertness, Espen Bjertness, Marius Bergsmark Graff-Iversen, Sidsel Haugsgjerd, Teresa Risan Janszky, Imre Krokstad, Steinar Laugsand, Lars Erik Madar, Ahmed Ali Mathiesen, Ellisiv B. Sen, Abhijit Tell, Grete S. Vatten, Lars Johan Wilsgaard, Tom Farzadfar, Farshad Sophiea, Marisa K. Di Cesare, Mariachiara Iurilli, Maria L. C. Martinez, Andrea Rodriguez Asghari, Golaleh Dhana, Klodian Gulayin, Pablo Kakarmath, Sujay Santero, Marilina Voortman, Trudy Riley, Leanne M. Cowan, Melanie J. Savin, Stefan Bennett, James E. Stevens, Gretchen A. Paciorek, Christopher J. Aekplakorn, Wichai Cifkova, Renata Giampaoli, Simona Kengne, Andre Pascal Khang, Young-Ho Kuulasmaa, Kari Laxmaiah, Avula Margozzini, Paula Mathur, Prashant Meyer, Haakon E. 2020 application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2734576 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2338-1 eng eng Nature. 2020, 582(7810), 73-96. urn:issn:0028-0836 https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2734576 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2338-1 cristin:1886749 © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 2020 73-77 582 Nature 7810 cardiovascular diseases risk factors Peer reviewed Journal article 2020 ftnihoegskole https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2338-1 2021-12-23T07:41:49Z This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health. However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol—which is a marker of cardiovascular risk—changed from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million–4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world. publishedVersion Institutt for idrettsmedisinske fag / Department of Sports Medicine Article in Journal/Newspaper Greenland Iceland Norwegian School of Sport Sciences: BRAGE Greenland Norway Pacific Nature 582 7810 73 77 |