Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol

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Published in:Nature
Main Authors: Taddei, Cristina, Zhou, Bin, Bixby, Honor, Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M., Danaei, Goodarz, Jackson, Rod T., Ahmed, Soheir H, Andersen, Lars Bo, Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred, Ariansen, Inger Kristine Holtermann, Bjertness, Espen, Bjertness, Marius Bergsmark, Graff-Iversen, Sidsel, Haugsgjerd, Teresa Risan, Janszky, Imre, Krokstad, Steinar, Laugsand, Lars Erik, Madar, Ahmed Ali, Mathiesen, Ellisiv B., Sen, Abhijit, Tell, Grete S., Vatten, Lars Johan, Wilsgaard, Tom, Farzadfar, Farshad, Sophiea, Marisa K., Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Iurilli, Maria L. C., Martinez, Andrea Rodriguez, Asghari, Golaleh, Dhana, Klodian, Gulayin, Pablo, Kakarmath, Sujay, Santero, Marilina, Voortman, Trudy, Riley, Leanne M., Cowan, Melanie J., Savin, Stefan, Bennett, James E., Stevens, Gretchen A., Paciorek, Christopher J., Aekplakorn, Wichai, Cifkova, Renata, Giampaoli, Simona, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Khang, Young-Ho, Kuulasmaa, Kari, Laxmaiah, Avula, Margozzini, Paula, Mathur, Prashant, Meyer, Haakon E.
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: 2020
Subjects:
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2734576
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2338-1
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record_format openpolar
institution Open Polar
collection Norwegian School of Sport Sciences: BRAGE
op_collection_id ftnihoegskole
language English
topic cardiovascular diseases
risk factors
spellingShingle cardiovascular diseases
risk factors
Taddei, Cristina
Zhou, Bin
Bixby, Honor
Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M.
Danaei, Goodarz
Jackson, Rod T.
Ahmed, Soheir H
Andersen, Lars Bo
Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred
Ariansen, Inger Kristine Holtermann
Bjertness, Espen
Bjertness, Marius Bergsmark
Graff-Iversen, Sidsel
Haugsgjerd, Teresa Risan
Janszky, Imre
Krokstad, Steinar
Laugsand, Lars Erik
Madar, Ahmed Ali
Mathiesen, Ellisiv B.
Sen, Abhijit
Tell, Grete S.
Vatten, Lars Johan
Wilsgaard, Tom
Farzadfar, Farshad
Sophiea, Marisa K.
Di Cesare, Mariachiara
Iurilli, Maria L. C.
Martinez, Andrea Rodriguez
Asghari, Golaleh
Dhana, Klodian
Gulayin, Pablo
Kakarmath, Sujay
Santero, Marilina
Voortman, Trudy
Riley, Leanne M.
Cowan, Melanie J.
Savin, Stefan
Bennett, James E.
Stevens, Gretchen A.
Paciorek, Christopher J.
Aekplakorn, Wichai
Cifkova, Renata
Giampaoli, Simona
Kengne, Andre Pascal
Khang, Young-Ho
Kuulasmaa, Kari
Laxmaiah, Avula
Margozzini, Paula
Mathur, Prashant
Meyer, Haakon E.
Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol
topic_facet cardiovascular diseases
risk factors
description This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health. However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol—which is a marker of cardiovascular risk—changed from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million–4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world. publishedVersion Institutt for idrettsmedisinske fag / Department of Sports Medicine
format Article in Journal/Newspaper
author Taddei, Cristina
Zhou, Bin
Bixby, Honor
Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M.
Danaei, Goodarz
Jackson, Rod T.
Ahmed, Soheir H
Andersen, Lars Bo
Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred
Ariansen, Inger Kristine Holtermann
Bjertness, Espen
Bjertness, Marius Bergsmark
Graff-Iversen, Sidsel
Haugsgjerd, Teresa Risan
Janszky, Imre
Krokstad, Steinar
Laugsand, Lars Erik
Madar, Ahmed Ali
Mathiesen, Ellisiv B.
Sen, Abhijit
Tell, Grete S.
Vatten, Lars Johan
Wilsgaard, Tom
Farzadfar, Farshad
Sophiea, Marisa K.
Di Cesare, Mariachiara
Iurilli, Maria L. C.
Martinez, Andrea Rodriguez
Asghari, Golaleh
Dhana, Klodian
Gulayin, Pablo
Kakarmath, Sujay
Santero, Marilina
Voortman, Trudy
Riley, Leanne M.
Cowan, Melanie J.
Savin, Stefan
Bennett, James E.
Stevens, Gretchen A.
Paciorek, Christopher J.
Aekplakorn, Wichai
Cifkova, Renata
Giampaoli, Simona
Kengne, Andre Pascal
Khang, Young-Ho
Kuulasmaa, Kari
Laxmaiah, Avula
Margozzini, Paula
Mathur, Prashant
Meyer, Haakon E.
author_facet Taddei, Cristina
Zhou, Bin
Bixby, Honor
Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M.
Danaei, Goodarz
Jackson, Rod T.
Ahmed, Soheir H
Andersen, Lars Bo
Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred
Ariansen, Inger Kristine Holtermann
Bjertness, Espen
Bjertness, Marius Bergsmark
Graff-Iversen, Sidsel
Haugsgjerd, Teresa Risan
Janszky, Imre
Krokstad, Steinar
Laugsand, Lars Erik
Madar, Ahmed Ali
Mathiesen, Ellisiv B.
Sen, Abhijit
Tell, Grete S.
Vatten, Lars Johan
Wilsgaard, Tom
Farzadfar, Farshad
Sophiea, Marisa K.
Di Cesare, Mariachiara
Iurilli, Maria L. C.
Martinez, Andrea Rodriguez
Asghari, Golaleh
Dhana, Klodian
Gulayin, Pablo
Kakarmath, Sujay
Santero, Marilina
Voortman, Trudy
Riley, Leanne M.
Cowan, Melanie J.
Savin, Stefan
Bennett, James E.
Stevens, Gretchen A.
Paciorek, Christopher J.
Aekplakorn, Wichai
Cifkova, Renata
Giampaoli, Simona
Kengne, Andre Pascal
Khang, Young-Ho
Kuulasmaa, Kari
Laxmaiah, Avula
Margozzini, Paula
Mathur, Prashant
Meyer, Haakon E.
author_sort Taddei, Cristina
title Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol
title_short Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol
title_full Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol
title_fullStr Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol
title_full_unstemmed Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol
title_sort repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol
publishDate 2020
url https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2734576
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2338-1
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genre Greenland
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genre_facet Greenland
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op_relation Nature. 2020, 582(7810), 73-96.
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op_rights © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 2020
op_doi https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2338-1
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spelling ftnihoegskole:oai:nih.brage.unit.no:11250/2734576 2023-05-15T16:30:41+02:00 Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol Taddei, Cristina Zhou, Bin Bixby, Honor Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M. Danaei, Goodarz Jackson, Rod T. Ahmed, Soheir H Andersen, Lars Bo Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred Ariansen, Inger Kristine Holtermann Bjertness, Espen Bjertness, Marius Bergsmark Graff-Iversen, Sidsel Haugsgjerd, Teresa Risan Janszky, Imre Krokstad, Steinar Laugsand, Lars Erik Madar, Ahmed Ali Mathiesen, Ellisiv B. Sen, Abhijit Tell, Grete S. Vatten, Lars Johan Wilsgaard, Tom Farzadfar, Farshad Sophiea, Marisa K. Di Cesare, Mariachiara Iurilli, Maria L. C. Martinez, Andrea Rodriguez Asghari, Golaleh Dhana, Klodian Gulayin, Pablo Kakarmath, Sujay Santero, Marilina Voortman, Trudy Riley, Leanne M. Cowan, Melanie J. Savin, Stefan Bennett, James E. Stevens, Gretchen A. Paciorek, Christopher J. Aekplakorn, Wichai Cifkova, Renata Giampaoli, Simona Kengne, Andre Pascal Khang, Young-Ho Kuulasmaa, Kari Laxmaiah, Avula Margozzini, Paula Mathur, Prashant Meyer, Haakon E. 2020 application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2734576 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2338-1 eng eng Nature. 2020, 582(7810), 73-96. urn:issn:0028-0836 https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2734576 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2338-1 cristin:1886749 © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 2020 73-77 582 Nature 7810 cardiovascular diseases risk factors Peer reviewed Journal article 2020 ftnihoegskole https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2338-1 2021-12-23T07:41:49Z This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health. However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol—which is a marker of cardiovascular risk—changed from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million–4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world. publishedVersion Institutt for idrettsmedisinske fag / Department of Sports Medicine Article in Journal/Newspaper Greenland Iceland Norwegian School of Sport Sciences: BRAGE Greenland Norway Pacific Nature 582 7810 73 77