Global Oceans, BAMS State of the Climate in 2021, Chapter 3
Patterns of variability in ocean properties are often closely related to large-scale climate pattern indices, and 2021 is no exception. The year 2021 started and ended with La Niña conditions, charmingly dubbed a “double-dip” La Niña. Hence, stronger-than-normal easterly trade winds in the tropical...
Published in: | Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
2022
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/533242/ https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/533242/1/%5B15200477%20-%20Bulletin%20of%20the%20American%20Meteorological%20Society%5D%20Global%20Oceans.pdf https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-22-0072.1 |
id |
ftnerc:oai:nora.nerc.ac.uk:533242 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Natural Environment Research Council: NERC Open Research Archive |
op_collection_id |
ftnerc |
language |
English |
description |
Patterns of variability in ocean properties are often closely related to large-scale climate pattern indices, and 2021 is no exception. The year 2021 started and ended with La Niña conditions, charmingly dubbed a “double-dip” La Niña. Hence, stronger-than-normal easterly trade winds in the tropical south Pacific drove westward surface current anomalies in the equatorial Pacific; reduced sea surface temperature (SST) and upper ocean heat content in the eastern tropical Pacific; increased sea level, upper ocean heat content, and salinity in the western tropical Pacific; resulted in a rim of anomalously high chlorophyll-a (Chla) on the poleward and westward edges of the anomalously cold SST wedge in the eastern equatorial Pacific; and increased precipitation over the Maritime Continent. The Pacific decadal oscillation remained strongly in a negative phase in 2021, with negative SST and upper ocean heat content anomalies around the eastern and equatorial edges of the North Pacific and positive anomalies in the center associated with low Chla anomalies. The South Pacific exhibited similar patterns. Fresh anomalies in the northeastern Pacific shifted towards the west coast of North America. The Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) was weakly negative in 2021, with small positive SST anomalies in the east and nearly-average anomalies in the west. Nonetheless, upper ocean heat content was anomalously high in the west and lower in the east, with anomalously high freshwater flux and low sea surface salinities (SSS) in the east, and the opposite pattern in the west, as might be expected during a negative phase of that climate index. In the Atlantic, the only substantial cold anomaly in SST and upper ocean heat content persisted east of Greenland in 2021, where SSS was also low, all despite the weak winds and strong surface heat flux anomalies into the ocean expected during a negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation. These anomalies held throughout much of 2021. An Atlantic and Benguela Niño were both evident, with ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Johnson, Gregory C. Lumpkin, Rick Boyer, Tim Bringas, Francis Cetinić, Ivona Chambers, Don P. Cheng, Lijing Dong, Shenfu Feely, Richard A. Fox-Kemper, Baylor Frajka-Williams, Eleanor Franz, Bryan A. Fu, Yao Gao, Meng Garg, Jay Gilson, John Goni, Gustavo Hamlington, Benjamin D. Hewitt, Helene T. Hobbs, William R. Hu, Zeng-Zhen Huang, Boyin Jevrejeva, Svetlana Johns, William E. Katsunari, Sato Kennedy, John J. Kersalé, Marion Killick, Rachel E. Leuliette, Eric Locarnini, Ricardo Lozier, M. Susan Lyman, John M. Merrifield, Mark A. Mishonov, Alexey Mitchum, Gary T. Moat, Ben I. Nerem, R. Steven Notz, Dirk Perez, Renellys C. Purkey, Sarah G. Rayner, Darren Reagan, James Schmid, Claudia Siegel, David A. Smeed, David A. Stackhouse, Paul W. Sweet, William Thompson, Philip R. Volkov, Denis L. Wanninkhof, Rik |
spellingShingle |
Johnson, Gregory C. Lumpkin, Rick Boyer, Tim Bringas, Francis Cetinić, Ivona Chambers, Don P. Cheng, Lijing Dong, Shenfu Feely, Richard A. Fox-Kemper, Baylor Frajka-Williams, Eleanor Franz, Bryan A. Fu, Yao Gao, Meng Garg, Jay Gilson, John Goni, Gustavo Hamlington, Benjamin D. Hewitt, Helene T. Hobbs, William R. Hu, Zeng-Zhen Huang, Boyin Jevrejeva, Svetlana Johns, William E. Katsunari, Sato Kennedy, John J. Kersalé, Marion Killick, Rachel E. Leuliette, Eric Locarnini, Ricardo Lozier, M. Susan Lyman, John M. Merrifield, Mark A. Mishonov, Alexey Mitchum, Gary T. Moat, Ben I. Nerem, R. Steven Notz, Dirk Perez, Renellys C. Purkey, Sarah G. Rayner, Darren Reagan, James Schmid, Claudia Siegel, David A. Smeed, David A. Stackhouse, Paul W. Sweet, William Thompson, Philip R. Volkov, Denis L. Wanninkhof, Rik Global Oceans, BAMS State of the Climate in 2021, Chapter 3 |
author_facet |
Johnson, Gregory C. Lumpkin, Rick Boyer, Tim Bringas, Francis Cetinić, Ivona Chambers, Don P. Cheng, Lijing Dong, Shenfu Feely, Richard A. Fox-Kemper, Baylor Frajka-Williams, Eleanor Franz, Bryan A. Fu, Yao Gao, Meng Garg, Jay Gilson, John Goni, Gustavo Hamlington, Benjamin D. Hewitt, Helene T. Hobbs, William R. Hu, Zeng-Zhen Huang, Boyin Jevrejeva, Svetlana Johns, William E. Katsunari, Sato Kennedy, John J. Kersalé, Marion Killick, Rachel E. Leuliette, Eric Locarnini, Ricardo Lozier, M. Susan Lyman, John M. Merrifield, Mark A. Mishonov, Alexey Mitchum, Gary T. Moat, Ben I. Nerem, R. Steven Notz, Dirk Perez, Renellys C. Purkey, Sarah G. Rayner, Darren Reagan, James Schmid, Claudia Siegel, David A. Smeed, David A. Stackhouse, Paul W. Sweet, William Thompson, Philip R. Volkov, Denis L. Wanninkhof, Rik |
author_sort |
Johnson, Gregory C. |
title |
Global Oceans, BAMS State of the Climate in 2021, Chapter 3 |
title_short |
Global Oceans, BAMS State of the Climate in 2021, Chapter 3 |
title_full |
Global Oceans, BAMS State of the Climate in 2021, Chapter 3 |
title_fullStr |
Global Oceans, BAMS State of the Climate in 2021, Chapter 3 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Global Oceans, BAMS State of the Climate in 2021, Chapter 3 |
title_sort |
global oceans, bams state of the climate in 2021, chapter 3 |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/533242/ https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/533242/1/%5B15200477%20-%20Bulletin%20of%20the%20American%20Meteorological%20Society%5D%20Global%20Oceans.pdf https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-22-0072.1 |
geographic |
Greenland Pacific Indian |
geographic_facet |
Greenland Pacific Indian |
genre |
Greenland North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation |
genre_facet |
Greenland North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation |
op_relation |
https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/533242/1/%5B15200477%20-%20Bulletin%20of%20the%20American%20Meteorological%20Society%5D%20Global%20Oceans.pdf Johnson, Gregory C.; Lumpkin, Rick; Boyer, Tim; Bringas, Francis; Cetinić, Ivona; Chambers, Don P.; Cheng, Lijing; Dong, Shenfu; Feely, Richard A.; Fox-Kemper, Baylor; Frajka-Williams, Eleanor orcid:0000-0001-8773-7838 Franz, Bryan A.; Fu, Yao; Gao, Meng; Garg, Jay; Gilson, John; Goni, Gustavo; Hamlington, Benjamin D.; Hewitt, Helene T.; Hobbs, William R.; Hu, Zeng-Zhen; Huang, Boyin; Jevrejeva, Svetlana orcid:0000-0001-9490-4665 Johns, William E.; Katsunari, Sato; Kennedy, John J.; Kersalé, Marion; Killick, Rachel E.; Leuliette, Eric; Locarnini, Ricardo; Lozier, M. Susan; Lyman, John M.; Merrifield, Mark A.; Mishonov, Alexey; Mitchum, Gary T.; Moat, Ben I. orcid:0000-0001-8676-7779 Nerem, R. Steven; Notz, Dirk; Perez, Renellys C.; Purkey, Sarah G.; Rayner, Darren orcid:0000-0002-2283-4140 Reagan, James; Schmid, Claudia; Siegel, David A.; Smeed, David A. orcid:0000-0003-1740-1778 Stackhouse, Paul W.; Sweet, William; Thompson, Philip R.; Volkov, Denis L.; Wanninkhof, Rik; Weller, Robert A.; Wen, Caihong; Westberry, Toby K.; Widlansky, Matthew J.; Willis, Josh K.; Yu, Lisan; Zhang, Huai-Min. 2022 Global Oceans, BAMS State of the Climate in 2021, Chapter 3. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 103 (8). S143-S192. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-22-0072.1 <https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-22-0072.1> |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-22-0072.1 |
container_title |
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society |
container_volume |
103 |
container_issue |
8 |
container_start_page |
S143 |
op_container_end_page |
S192 |
_version_ |
1766020090787004416 |
spelling |
ftnerc:oai:nora.nerc.ac.uk:533242 2023-05-15T16:30:22+02:00 Global Oceans, BAMS State of the Climate in 2021, Chapter 3 Johnson, Gregory C. Lumpkin, Rick Boyer, Tim Bringas, Francis Cetinić, Ivona Chambers, Don P. Cheng, Lijing Dong, Shenfu Feely, Richard A. Fox-Kemper, Baylor Frajka-Williams, Eleanor Franz, Bryan A. Fu, Yao Gao, Meng Garg, Jay Gilson, John Goni, Gustavo Hamlington, Benjamin D. Hewitt, Helene T. Hobbs, William R. Hu, Zeng-Zhen Huang, Boyin Jevrejeva, Svetlana Johns, William E. Katsunari, Sato Kennedy, John J. Kersalé, Marion Killick, Rachel E. Leuliette, Eric Locarnini, Ricardo Lozier, M. Susan Lyman, John M. Merrifield, Mark A. Mishonov, Alexey Mitchum, Gary T. Moat, Ben I. Nerem, R. Steven Notz, Dirk Perez, Renellys C. Purkey, Sarah G. Rayner, Darren Reagan, James Schmid, Claudia Siegel, David A. Smeed, David A. Stackhouse, Paul W. Sweet, William Thompson, Philip R. Volkov, Denis L. Wanninkhof, Rik 2022-08-01 text http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/533242/ https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/533242/1/%5B15200477%20-%20Bulletin%20of%20the%20American%20Meteorological%20Society%5D%20Global%20Oceans.pdf https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-22-0072.1 en eng https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/533242/1/%5B15200477%20-%20Bulletin%20of%20the%20American%20Meteorological%20Society%5D%20Global%20Oceans.pdf Johnson, Gregory C.; Lumpkin, Rick; Boyer, Tim; Bringas, Francis; Cetinić, Ivona; Chambers, Don P.; Cheng, Lijing; Dong, Shenfu; Feely, Richard A.; Fox-Kemper, Baylor; Frajka-Williams, Eleanor orcid:0000-0001-8773-7838 Franz, Bryan A.; Fu, Yao; Gao, Meng; Garg, Jay; Gilson, John; Goni, Gustavo; Hamlington, Benjamin D.; Hewitt, Helene T.; Hobbs, William R.; Hu, Zeng-Zhen; Huang, Boyin; Jevrejeva, Svetlana orcid:0000-0001-9490-4665 Johns, William E.; Katsunari, Sato; Kennedy, John J.; Kersalé, Marion; Killick, Rachel E.; Leuliette, Eric; Locarnini, Ricardo; Lozier, M. Susan; Lyman, John M.; Merrifield, Mark A.; Mishonov, Alexey; Mitchum, Gary T.; Moat, Ben I. orcid:0000-0001-8676-7779 Nerem, R. Steven; Notz, Dirk; Perez, Renellys C.; Purkey, Sarah G.; Rayner, Darren orcid:0000-0002-2283-4140 Reagan, James; Schmid, Claudia; Siegel, David A.; Smeed, David A. orcid:0000-0003-1740-1778 Stackhouse, Paul W.; Sweet, William; Thompson, Philip R.; Volkov, Denis L.; Wanninkhof, Rik; Weller, Robert A.; Wen, Caihong; Westberry, Toby K.; Widlansky, Matthew J.; Willis, Josh K.; Yu, Lisan; Zhang, Huai-Min. 2022 Global Oceans, BAMS State of the Climate in 2021, Chapter 3. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 103 (8). S143-S192. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-22-0072.1 <https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-22-0072.1> Publication - Article PeerReviewed 2022 ftnerc https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-22-0072.1 2023-02-04T19:53:36Z Patterns of variability in ocean properties are often closely related to large-scale climate pattern indices, and 2021 is no exception. The year 2021 started and ended with La Niña conditions, charmingly dubbed a “double-dip” La Niña. Hence, stronger-than-normal easterly trade winds in the tropical south Pacific drove westward surface current anomalies in the equatorial Pacific; reduced sea surface temperature (SST) and upper ocean heat content in the eastern tropical Pacific; increased sea level, upper ocean heat content, and salinity in the western tropical Pacific; resulted in a rim of anomalously high chlorophyll-a (Chla) on the poleward and westward edges of the anomalously cold SST wedge in the eastern equatorial Pacific; and increased precipitation over the Maritime Continent. The Pacific decadal oscillation remained strongly in a negative phase in 2021, with negative SST and upper ocean heat content anomalies around the eastern and equatorial edges of the North Pacific and positive anomalies in the center associated with low Chla anomalies. The South Pacific exhibited similar patterns. Fresh anomalies in the northeastern Pacific shifted towards the west coast of North America. The Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) was weakly negative in 2021, with small positive SST anomalies in the east and nearly-average anomalies in the west. Nonetheless, upper ocean heat content was anomalously high in the west and lower in the east, with anomalously high freshwater flux and low sea surface salinities (SSS) in the east, and the opposite pattern in the west, as might be expected during a negative phase of that climate index. In the Atlantic, the only substantial cold anomaly in SST and upper ocean heat content persisted east of Greenland in 2021, where SSS was also low, all despite the weak winds and strong surface heat flux anomalies into the ocean expected during a negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation. These anomalies held throughout much of 2021. An Atlantic and Benguela Niño were both evident, with ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Greenland North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation Natural Environment Research Council: NERC Open Research Archive Greenland Pacific Indian Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 103 8 S143 S192 |