Increasing Accumulation of Perfluorocarboxylate Contaminants Revealed in an Antarctic Firn Core (1958–2017)
Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are synthetic chemicals with a variety of industrial and consumer applications that are now widely distributed in the global environment. Here, we report the measurement of six perfluorocarboxylates (PFCA, C4–C9) in a firn (granular compressed snow) core collected from a...
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American Chemical Society
2022
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ftnerc:oai:nora.nerc.ac.uk:532990 2023-05-15T13:41:46+02:00 Increasing Accumulation of Perfluorocarboxylate Contaminants Revealed in an Antarctic Firn Core (1958–2017) Garnett, Jack Halsall, Crispin Winton, Holly Joerss, Hanna Mulvaney, Robert Ebinghaus, Ralf Frey, Markus Jones, Anna Leeson, Amber Wynn, Peter 2022-07-26 text http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/532990/ https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/532990/1/acs.est.2c02592.pdf https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.2c02592 en eng American Chemical Society https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/532990/1/acs.est.2c02592.pdf Garnett, Jack; Halsall, Crispin; Winton, Holly orcid:0000-0001-7112-6768 Joerss, Hanna; Mulvaney, Robert orcid:0000-0002-5372-8148 Ebinghaus, Ralf; Frey, Markus orcid:0000-0003-0535-0416 Jones, Anna orcid:0000-0002-2040-4841 Leeson, Amber; Wynn, Peter. 2022 Increasing Accumulation of Perfluorocarboxylate Contaminants Revealed in an Antarctic Firn Core (1958–2017). Environmental Science & Technology, 56 (16). 11246-11255. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c02592 <https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c02592> cc_by_4 CC-BY Publication - Article PeerReviewed 2022 ftnerc 2023-02-04T19:53:29Z Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are synthetic chemicals with a variety of industrial and consumer applications that are now widely distributed in the global environment. Here, we report the measurement of six perfluorocarboxylates (PFCA, C4–C9) in a firn (granular compressed snow) core collected from a non-coastal, high-altitude site in Dronning Maud Land in Eastern Antarctica. Snow accumulation of the extracted core dated from 1958 to 2017, a period coinciding with the advent, use, and geographical shift in the global industrial production of poly/perfluoroalkylated substances, including PFAA. We observed increasing PFCA accumulation in snow over this time period, with chemical fluxes peaking in 2009–2013 for perfluorooctanoate (PFOA, C8) and nonanoate (PFNA, C9) with little evidence of a decline in these chemicals despite supposed recent global curtailments in their production. In contrast, the levels of perfluorobutanoate (PFBA, C4) increased markedly since 2000, with the highest fluxes in the uppermost snow layers. These findings are consistent with those previously made in the Arctic and can be attributed to chlorofluorocarbon replacements (e.g., hydrofluoroethers) as an inadvertent consequence of global regulation. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Arctic Dronning Maud Land Natural Environment Research Council: NERC Open Research Archive Arctic Antarctic Dronning Maud Land |
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Open Polar |
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Natural Environment Research Council: NERC Open Research Archive |
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ftnerc |
language |
English |
description |
Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are synthetic chemicals with a variety of industrial and consumer applications that are now widely distributed in the global environment. Here, we report the measurement of six perfluorocarboxylates (PFCA, C4–C9) in a firn (granular compressed snow) core collected from a non-coastal, high-altitude site in Dronning Maud Land in Eastern Antarctica. Snow accumulation of the extracted core dated from 1958 to 2017, a period coinciding with the advent, use, and geographical shift in the global industrial production of poly/perfluoroalkylated substances, including PFAA. We observed increasing PFCA accumulation in snow over this time period, with chemical fluxes peaking in 2009–2013 for perfluorooctanoate (PFOA, C8) and nonanoate (PFNA, C9) with little evidence of a decline in these chemicals despite supposed recent global curtailments in their production. In contrast, the levels of perfluorobutanoate (PFBA, C4) increased markedly since 2000, with the highest fluxes in the uppermost snow layers. These findings are consistent with those previously made in the Arctic and can be attributed to chlorofluorocarbon replacements (e.g., hydrofluoroethers) as an inadvertent consequence of global regulation. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Garnett, Jack Halsall, Crispin Winton, Holly Joerss, Hanna Mulvaney, Robert Ebinghaus, Ralf Frey, Markus Jones, Anna Leeson, Amber Wynn, Peter |
spellingShingle |
Garnett, Jack Halsall, Crispin Winton, Holly Joerss, Hanna Mulvaney, Robert Ebinghaus, Ralf Frey, Markus Jones, Anna Leeson, Amber Wynn, Peter Increasing Accumulation of Perfluorocarboxylate Contaminants Revealed in an Antarctic Firn Core (1958–2017) |
author_facet |
Garnett, Jack Halsall, Crispin Winton, Holly Joerss, Hanna Mulvaney, Robert Ebinghaus, Ralf Frey, Markus Jones, Anna Leeson, Amber Wynn, Peter |
author_sort |
Garnett, Jack |
title |
Increasing Accumulation of Perfluorocarboxylate Contaminants Revealed in an Antarctic Firn Core (1958–2017) |
title_short |
Increasing Accumulation of Perfluorocarboxylate Contaminants Revealed in an Antarctic Firn Core (1958–2017) |
title_full |
Increasing Accumulation of Perfluorocarboxylate Contaminants Revealed in an Antarctic Firn Core (1958–2017) |
title_fullStr |
Increasing Accumulation of Perfluorocarboxylate Contaminants Revealed in an Antarctic Firn Core (1958–2017) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Increasing Accumulation of Perfluorocarboxylate Contaminants Revealed in an Antarctic Firn Core (1958–2017) |
title_sort |
increasing accumulation of perfluorocarboxylate contaminants revealed in an antarctic firn core (1958–2017) |
publisher |
American Chemical Society |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/532990/ https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/532990/1/acs.est.2c02592.pdf https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.2c02592 |
geographic |
Arctic Antarctic Dronning Maud Land |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Antarctic Dronning Maud Land |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Arctic Dronning Maud Land |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Arctic Dronning Maud Land |
op_relation |
https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/532990/1/acs.est.2c02592.pdf Garnett, Jack; Halsall, Crispin; Winton, Holly orcid:0000-0001-7112-6768 Joerss, Hanna; Mulvaney, Robert orcid:0000-0002-5372-8148 Ebinghaus, Ralf; Frey, Markus orcid:0000-0003-0535-0416 Jones, Anna orcid:0000-0002-2040-4841 Leeson, Amber; Wynn, Peter. 2022 Increasing Accumulation of Perfluorocarboxylate Contaminants Revealed in an Antarctic Firn Core (1958–2017). Environmental Science & Technology, 56 (16). 11246-11255. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c02592 <https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c02592> |
op_rights |
cc_by_4 |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
_version_ |
1766157943574626304 |