Underway seawater and atmospheric measurements of volatile organic compounds in the Southern Ocean
Dimethyl sulfide and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are important for atmospheric chemistry. The emissions of biogenically derived organic gases, including dimethyl sulfide and especially isoprene, are not well constrained in the Southern Ocean. Due to a paucity of measurements, the role of the o...
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European Geosciences Union
2020
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ftnerc:oai:nora.nerc.ac.uk:527872 2023-05-15T18:24:58+02:00 Underway seawater and atmospheric measurements of volatile organic compounds in the Southern Ocean Wohl, Charel Brown, Ian Kitidis, Vassilis Jones, Anna E. Sturges, William T. Nightingale, Philip D. Yang, Mingxi 2020-05-15 text http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/527872/ https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/527872/1/bg-17-2593-2020.pdf https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/527872/2/bg-17-2593-2020-supplement.pdf https://www.biogeosciences.net/17/2593/2020/ en eng European Geosciences Union https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/527872/1/bg-17-2593-2020.pdf https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/527872/2/bg-17-2593-2020-supplement.pdf Wohl, Charel; Brown, Ian; Kitidis, Vassilis; Jones, Anna E. orcid:0000-0002-2040-4841 Sturges, William T.; Nightingale, Philip D.; Yang, Mingxi. 2020 Underway seawater and atmospheric measurements of volatile organic compounds in the Southern Ocean. Biogeosciences, 17 (9). 2593-2619. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2593-2020 <https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2593-2020> cc_by_4 CC-BY Publication - Article PeerReviewed 2020 ftnerc https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2593-2020 2023-02-04T19:50:43Z Dimethyl sulfide and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are important for atmospheric chemistry. The emissions of biogenically derived organic gases, including dimethyl sulfide and especially isoprene, are not well constrained in the Southern Ocean. Due to a paucity of measurements, the role of the ocean in the atmospheric budgets of atmospheric methanol, acetone, and acetaldehyde is even more poorly known. In order to quantify the air–sea fluxes of these gases, we measured their seawater concentrations and air mixing ratios in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean, along a ∼ 11 000 km long transect at approximately 60∘ S in February–April 2019. Concentrations, oceanic saturations, and estimated fluxes of five simultaneously sampled gases (dimethyl sulfide, isoprene, methanol, acetone, and acetaldehyde) are presented here. Campaign mean (±1σ) surface water concentrations of dimethyl sulfide, isoprene, methanol, acetone, and acetaldehyde were 2.60 (±3.94), 0.0133 (±0.0063), 67 (±35), 5.5 (±2.5), and 2.6 (±2.7) nmol dm−3 respectively. In this dataset, seawater isoprene and methanol concentrations correlated positively. Furthermore, seawater acetone, methanol, and isoprene concentrations were found to correlate negatively with the fugacity of carbon dioxide, possibly due to a common biological origin. Campaign mean (±1σ) air mixing ratios of dimethyl sulfide, isoprene, methanol, acetone, and acetaldehyde were 0.17 (±0.09), 0.053 (±0.034), 0.17 (±0.08), 0.081 (±0.031), and 0.049 (±0.040) ppbv. We observed diel changes in averaged acetaldehyde concentrations in seawater and ambient air (and to a lesser degree also for acetone and isoprene), which suggest light-driven production. Campaign mean (±1σ) fluxes of 4.3 (±7.4) µmol m−2 d−1 DMS and 0.028 (±0.021) µmol m−2 d−1 isoprene are determined where a positive flux indicates from the ocean to the atmosphere. Methanol was largely undersaturated in the surface ocean with a mean (±1σ) net flux of −2.4 (±4.7) µmol m−2 d−1, but it also had a few occasional episodes of ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Southern Ocean Natural Environment Research Council: NERC Open Research Archive Southern Ocean Biogeosciences 17 9 2593 2619 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Natural Environment Research Council: NERC Open Research Archive |
op_collection_id |
ftnerc |
language |
English |
description |
Dimethyl sulfide and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are important for atmospheric chemistry. The emissions of biogenically derived organic gases, including dimethyl sulfide and especially isoprene, are not well constrained in the Southern Ocean. Due to a paucity of measurements, the role of the ocean in the atmospheric budgets of atmospheric methanol, acetone, and acetaldehyde is even more poorly known. In order to quantify the air–sea fluxes of these gases, we measured their seawater concentrations and air mixing ratios in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean, along a ∼ 11 000 km long transect at approximately 60∘ S in February–April 2019. Concentrations, oceanic saturations, and estimated fluxes of five simultaneously sampled gases (dimethyl sulfide, isoprene, methanol, acetone, and acetaldehyde) are presented here. Campaign mean (±1σ) surface water concentrations of dimethyl sulfide, isoprene, methanol, acetone, and acetaldehyde were 2.60 (±3.94), 0.0133 (±0.0063), 67 (±35), 5.5 (±2.5), and 2.6 (±2.7) nmol dm−3 respectively. In this dataset, seawater isoprene and methanol concentrations correlated positively. Furthermore, seawater acetone, methanol, and isoprene concentrations were found to correlate negatively with the fugacity of carbon dioxide, possibly due to a common biological origin. Campaign mean (±1σ) air mixing ratios of dimethyl sulfide, isoprene, methanol, acetone, and acetaldehyde were 0.17 (±0.09), 0.053 (±0.034), 0.17 (±0.08), 0.081 (±0.031), and 0.049 (±0.040) ppbv. We observed diel changes in averaged acetaldehyde concentrations in seawater and ambient air (and to a lesser degree also for acetone and isoprene), which suggest light-driven production. Campaign mean (±1σ) fluxes of 4.3 (±7.4) µmol m−2 d−1 DMS and 0.028 (±0.021) µmol m−2 d−1 isoprene are determined where a positive flux indicates from the ocean to the atmosphere. Methanol was largely undersaturated in the surface ocean with a mean (±1σ) net flux of −2.4 (±4.7) µmol m−2 d−1, but it also had a few occasional episodes of ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Wohl, Charel Brown, Ian Kitidis, Vassilis Jones, Anna E. Sturges, William T. Nightingale, Philip D. Yang, Mingxi |
spellingShingle |
Wohl, Charel Brown, Ian Kitidis, Vassilis Jones, Anna E. Sturges, William T. Nightingale, Philip D. Yang, Mingxi Underway seawater and atmospheric measurements of volatile organic compounds in the Southern Ocean |
author_facet |
Wohl, Charel Brown, Ian Kitidis, Vassilis Jones, Anna E. Sturges, William T. Nightingale, Philip D. Yang, Mingxi |
author_sort |
Wohl, Charel |
title |
Underway seawater and atmospheric measurements of volatile organic compounds in the Southern Ocean |
title_short |
Underway seawater and atmospheric measurements of volatile organic compounds in the Southern Ocean |
title_full |
Underway seawater and atmospheric measurements of volatile organic compounds in the Southern Ocean |
title_fullStr |
Underway seawater and atmospheric measurements of volatile organic compounds in the Southern Ocean |
title_full_unstemmed |
Underway seawater and atmospheric measurements of volatile organic compounds in the Southern Ocean |
title_sort |
underway seawater and atmospheric measurements of volatile organic compounds in the southern ocean |
publisher |
European Geosciences Union |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/527872/ https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/527872/1/bg-17-2593-2020.pdf https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/527872/2/bg-17-2593-2020-supplement.pdf https://www.biogeosciences.net/17/2593/2020/ |
geographic |
Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Southern Ocean |
genre |
Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Southern Ocean |
op_relation |
https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/527872/1/bg-17-2593-2020.pdf https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/527872/2/bg-17-2593-2020-supplement.pdf Wohl, Charel; Brown, Ian; Kitidis, Vassilis; Jones, Anna E. orcid:0000-0002-2040-4841 Sturges, William T.; Nightingale, Philip D.; Yang, Mingxi. 2020 Underway seawater and atmospheric measurements of volatile organic compounds in the Southern Ocean. Biogeosciences, 17 (9). 2593-2619. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2593-2020 <https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2593-2020> |
op_rights |
cc_by_4 |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2593-2020 |
container_title |
Biogeosciences |
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17 |
container_issue |
9 |
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2593 |
op_container_end_page |
2619 |
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1766206058422861824 |