Global drivers on Southern Ocean ecosystems: changing physical environments in an Earth system
The manuscript assesses the current and expected future global drivers of Southern Ocean (SO) ecosystems. Atmospheric ozone depletion over the Antarctic since the 1970s, has been a key driver, resulting in springtime cooling of the stratosphere and intensification of the polar vortex, increasing the...
Published in: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
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Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
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2020
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Online Access: | http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/527355/ https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/527355/1/fmars-07-547188.pdf https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2020.547188/full |
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ftnerc:oai:nora.nerc.ac.uk:527355 2023-05-15T13:24:15+02:00 Global drivers on Southern Ocean ecosystems: changing physical environments in an Earth system Morley, Simon A. Abele, Doris Barnes, David K.A. Cárdenas, César A. Cotté, Cedric Gutt, Julian Henley, Sian F. Höfer, Juan Hughes, Kevin A. Martin, Stephanie M. Moffat, Carlos Raphael, Marilyn N. Stammerjohn, Sharon E. Suckling, Coleen C. Tulloch, Vivitskaia J.D. Waller, Cath L. Constable, Andrew J. 2020-12-15 text http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/527355/ https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/527355/1/fmars-07-547188.pdf https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2020.547188/full en eng Frontiers Media SA https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/527355/1/fmars-07-547188.pdf Morley, Simon A. orcid:0000-0002-7761-660X Abele, Doris; Barnes, David K.A. orcid:0000-0002-9076-7867 Cárdenas, César A.; Cotté, Cedric; Gutt, Julian; Henley, Sian F.; Höfer, Juan; Hughes, Kevin A. orcid:0000-0003-2701-726X Martin, Stephanie M.; Moffat, Carlos; Raphael, Marilyn N.; Stammerjohn, Sharon E.; Suckling, Coleen C.; Tulloch, Vivitskaia J.D.; Waller, Cath L.; Constable, Andrew J. 2020 Global drivers on Southern Ocean ecosystems: changing physical environments in an Earth system. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7, 547188. 24, pp. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.547188 <https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.547188> cc_by_4 CC-BY Publication - Article PeerReviewed 2020 ftnerc https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.547188 2023-02-04T19:50:27Z The manuscript assesses the current and expected future global drivers of Southern Ocean (SO) ecosystems. Atmospheric ozone depletion over the Antarctic since the 1970s, has been a key driver, resulting in springtime cooling of the stratosphere and intensification of the polar vortex, increasing the frequency of positive phases of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM). This increases warm air-flow over the East Pacific sector (Western Antarctic Peninsula) and cold air flow over the West Pacific sector. SAM as well as El Nino Southern Oscillation events also affect the Amundsen Sea Low leading to either positive or negative sea ice anomalies in the west and east Pacific sectors, respectively. The strengthening of westerly winds is also linked to shoaling of deep warmer water onto the continental shelves, particularly in the East Pacific and Atlantic sectors. Air and ocean warming has led to changes in the cryosphere, with glacial and ice sheet melting in both sectors, opening up new ice free areas to biological productivity, but increasing seafloor disturbance by icebergs. The increased melting is correlated with a salinity decrease particularly in the surface 100 m. Such processes could increase the availability of iron, which is currently limiting primary production over much of the SO. Increasing CO2 is one of the most important SO anthropogenic drivers and is likely to affect marine ecosystems in the coming decades. While levels of many pollutants are lower than elsewhere, persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and plastics have been detected in the SO, with concentrations likely enhanced by migratory species. With increased marine traffic and weakening of ocean barriers the risk of the establishment of non-indigenous species is increased. The continued recovery of the ozone hole creates uncertainty over the reversal in sea ice trends, especially in the light of the abrupt transition from record high to record low Antarctic sea ice extent since spring 2016. The current rate of change in physical and anthropogenic ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Amundsen Sea Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Ice Sheet Iceberg* Sea ice Southern Ocean Natural Environment Research Council: NERC Open Research Archive Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Amundsen Sea Pacific Frontiers in Marine Science 7 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Natural Environment Research Council: NERC Open Research Archive |
op_collection_id |
ftnerc |
language |
English |
description |
The manuscript assesses the current and expected future global drivers of Southern Ocean (SO) ecosystems. Atmospheric ozone depletion over the Antarctic since the 1970s, has been a key driver, resulting in springtime cooling of the stratosphere and intensification of the polar vortex, increasing the frequency of positive phases of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM). This increases warm air-flow over the East Pacific sector (Western Antarctic Peninsula) and cold air flow over the West Pacific sector. SAM as well as El Nino Southern Oscillation events also affect the Amundsen Sea Low leading to either positive or negative sea ice anomalies in the west and east Pacific sectors, respectively. The strengthening of westerly winds is also linked to shoaling of deep warmer water onto the continental shelves, particularly in the East Pacific and Atlantic sectors. Air and ocean warming has led to changes in the cryosphere, with glacial and ice sheet melting in both sectors, opening up new ice free areas to biological productivity, but increasing seafloor disturbance by icebergs. The increased melting is correlated with a salinity decrease particularly in the surface 100 m. Such processes could increase the availability of iron, which is currently limiting primary production over much of the SO. Increasing CO2 is one of the most important SO anthropogenic drivers and is likely to affect marine ecosystems in the coming decades. While levels of many pollutants are lower than elsewhere, persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and plastics have been detected in the SO, with concentrations likely enhanced by migratory species. With increased marine traffic and weakening of ocean barriers the risk of the establishment of non-indigenous species is increased. The continued recovery of the ozone hole creates uncertainty over the reversal in sea ice trends, especially in the light of the abrupt transition from record high to record low Antarctic sea ice extent since spring 2016. The current rate of change in physical and anthropogenic ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Morley, Simon A. Abele, Doris Barnes, David K.A. Cárdenas, César A. Cotté, Cedric Gutt, Julian Henley, Sian F. Höfer, Juan Hughes, Kevin A. Martin, Stephanie M. Moffat, Carlos Raphael, Marilyn N. Stammerjohn, Sharon E. Suckling, Coleen C. Tulloch, Vivitskaia J.D. Waller, Cath L. Constable, Andrew J. |
spellingShingle |
Morley, Simon A. Abele, Doris Barnes, David K.A. Cárdenas, César A. Cotté, Cedric Gutt, Julian Henley, Sian F. Höfer, Juan Hughes, Kevin A. Martin, Stephanie M. Moffat, Carlos Raphael, Marilyn N. Stammerjohn, Sharon E. Suckling, Coleen C. Tulloch, Vivitskaia J.D. Waller, Cath L. Constable, Andrew J. Global drivers on Southern Ocean ecosystems: changing physical environments in an Earth system |
author_facet |
Morley, Simon A. Abele, Doris Barnes, David K.A. Cárdenas, César A. Cotté, Cedric Gutt, Julian Henley, Sian F. Höfer, Juan Hughes, Kevin A. Martin, Stephanie M. Moffat, Carlos Raphael, Marilyn N. Stammerjohn, Sharon E. Suckling, Coleen C. Tulloch, Vivitskaia J.D. Waller, Cath L. Constable, Andrew J. |
author_sort |
Morley, Simon A. |
title |
Global drivers on Southern Ocean ecosystems: changing physical environments in an Earth system |
title_short |
Global drivers on Southern Ocean ecosystems: changing physical environments in an Earth system |
title_full |
Global drivers on Southern Ocean ecosystems: changing physical environments in an Earth system |
title_fullStr |
Global drivers on Southern Ocean ecosystems: changing physical environments in an Earth system |
title_full_unstemmed |
Global drivers on Southern Ocean ecosystems: changing physical environments in an Earth system |
title_sort |
global drivers on southern ocean ecosystems: changing physical environments in an earth system |
publisher |
Frontiers Media SA |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/527355/ https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/527355/1/fmars-07-547188.pdf https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2020.547188/full |
geographic |
Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Amundsen Sea Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Amundsen Sea Pacific |
genre |
Amundsen Sea Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Ice Sheet Iceberg* Sea ice Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Amundsen Sea Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Ice Sheet Iceberg* Sea ice Southern Ocean |
op_relation |
https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/527355/1/fmars-07-547188.pdf Morley, Simon A. orcid:0000-0002-7761-660X Abele, Doris; Barnes, David K.A. orcid:0000-0002-9076-7867 Cárdenas, César A.; Cotté, Cedric; Gutt, Julian; Henley, Sian F.; Höfer, Juan; Hughes, Kevin A. orcid:0000-0003-2701-726X Martin, Stephanie M.; Moffat, Carlos; Raphael, Marilyn N.; Stammerjohn, Sharon E.; Suckling, Coleen C.; Tulloch, Vivitskaia J.D.; Waller, Cath L.; Constable, Andrew J. 2020 Global drivers on Southern Ocean ecosystems: changing physical environments in an Earth system. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7, 547188. 24, pp. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.547188 <https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.547188> |
op_rights |
cc_by_4 |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.547188 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
7 |
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1766378305995407360 |