Critical Southern Ocean climate model biases traced to atmospheric model cloud errors
The Southern Ocean is a pivotal component of the global climate system yet it is poorly represented in climate models, with significant biases in upper-ocean temperatures, clouds and winds. Combining Atmospheric and Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project (AMIP5/CMIP5) simulations, with observations...
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ftnerc:oai:nora.nerc.ac.uk:520578 2023-05-15T18:24:05+02:00 Critical Southern Ocean climate model biases traced to atmospheric model cloud errors Hyder, Patrick Edwards, John M. Allan, Richard P. Hewitt, Helene T. Bracegirdle, Thomas J. Gregory, Jonathan M. Wood, Richard A. Meijers, Andrew J.S. Mulcahy, Jane Field, Paul Furtado, Kalli Bodas-Salcedo, Alejandro Williams, Keith D. Copsey, Dan Josey, Simon A. Liu, Chunlei Roberts, Chris D. Sanchez, Claudio Ridley, Jeff Thorpe, Livia Hardiman, Steven C. Mayar, Michael Berry, David I. Belcher, Stephen E. 2018-09-11 text http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/520578/ https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/520578/7/s41467-018-06662-8.pdf https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/520578/8/s41467-018-05634-2.pdf http://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-05634-2 en eng Springer https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/520578/7/s41467-018-06662-8.pdf https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/520578/8/s41467-018-05634-2.pdf Hyder, Patrick; Edwards, John M.; Allan, Richard P.; Hewitt, Helene T.; Bracegirdle, Thomas J. orcid:0000-0002-8868-4739 Gregory, Jonathan M.; Wood, Richard A.; Meijers, Andrew J.S. orcid:0000-0003-3876-7736 Mulcahy, Jane; Field, Paul; Furtado, Kalli; Bodas-Salcedo, Alejandro; Williams, Keith D.; Copsey, Dan; Josey, Simon A. orcid:0000-0002-1683-8831 Liu, Chunlei; Roberts, Chris D.; Sanchez, Claudio; Ridley, Jeff; Thorpe, Livia; Hardiman, Steven C.; Mayar, Michael; Berry, David I.; Belcher, Stephen E. 2018 Critical Southern Ocean climate model biases traced to atmospheric model cloud errors. Nature Communications, 9, 3625. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05634-2 <https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05634-2> cc_by_4 CC-BY Publication - Article PeerReviewed 2018 ftnerc https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05634-2 2023-02-04T19:46:51Z The Southern Ocean is a pivotal component of the global climate system yet it is poorly represented in climate models, with significant biases in upper-ocean temperatures, clouds and winds. Combining Atmospheric and Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project (AMIP5/CMIP5) simulations, with observations and equilibrium heat budget theory, we show that across the CMIP5 ensemble variations in sea surface temperature biases in the 40–60°S Southern Ocean are primarily caused by AMIP5 atmospheric model net surface flux bias variations, linked to cloud-related short-wave errors. Equilibration of the biases involves local coupled sea surface temperature bias feedbacks onto the surface heat flux components. In combination with wind feedbacks, these biases adversely modify upper-ocean thermal structure. Most AMIP5 atmospheric models that exhibit small net heat flux biases appear to achieve this through compensating errors. We demonstrate that targeted developments to cloud-related parameterisations provide a route to better represent the Southern Ocean in climate models and projections. Article in Journal/Newspaper Southern Ocean Natural Environment Research Council: NERC Open Research Archive Southern Ocean Nature Communications 9 1 |
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Open Polar |
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Natural Environment Research Council: NERC Open Research Archive |
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ftnerc |
language |
English |
description |
The Southern Ocean is a pivotal component of the global climate system yet it is poorly represented in climate models, with significant biases in upper-ocean temperatures, clouds and winds. Combining Atmospheric and Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project (AMIP5/CMIP5) simulations, with observations and equilibrium heat budget theory, we show that across the CMIP5 ensemble variations in sea surface temperature biases in the 40–60°S Southern Ocean are primarily caused by AMIP5 atmospheric model net surface flux bias variations, linked to cloud-related short-wave errors. Equilibration of the biases involves local coupled sea surface temperature bias feedbacks onto the surface heat flux components. In combination with wind feedbacks, these biases adversely modify upper-ocean thermal structure. Most AMIP5 atmospheric models that exhibit small net heat flux biases appear to achieve this through compensating errors. We demonstrate that targeted developments to cloud-related parameterisations provide a route to better represent the Southern Ocean in climate models and projections. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Hyder, Patrick Edwards, John M. Allan, Richard P. Hewitt, Helene T. Bracegirdle, Thomas J. Gregory, Jonathan M. Wood, Richard A. Meijers, Andrew J.S. Mulcahy, Jane Field, Paul Furtado, Kalli Bodas-Salcedo, Alejandro Williams, Keith D. Copsey, Dan Josey, Simon A. Liu, Chunlei Roberts, Chris D. Sanchez, Claudio Ridley, Jeff Thorpe, Livia Hardiman, Steven C. Mayar, Michael Berry, David I. Belcher, Stephen E. |
spellingShingle |
Hyder, Patrick Edwards, John M. Allan, Richard P. Hewitt, Helene T. Bracegirdle, Thomas J. Gregory, Jonathan M. Wood, Richard A. Meijers, Andrew J.S. Mulcahy, Jane Field, Paul Furtado, Kalli Bodas-Salcedo, Alejandro Williams, Keith D. Copsey, Dan Josey, Simon A. Liu, Chunlei Roberts, Chris D. Sanchez, Claudio Ridley, Jeff Thorpe, Livia Hardiman, Steven C. Mayar, Michael Berry, David I. Belcher, Stephen E. Critical Southern Ocean climate model biases traced to atmospheric model cloud errors |
author_facet |
Hyder, Patrick Edwards, John M. Allan, Richard P. Hewitt, Helene T. Bracegirdle, Thomas J. Gregory, Jonathan M. Wood, Richard A. Meijers, Andrew J.S. Mulcahy, Jane Field, Paul Furtado, Kalli Bodas-Salcedo, Alejandro Williams, Keith D. Copsey, Dan Josey, Simon A. Liu, Chunlei Roberts, Chris D. Sanchez, Claudio Ridley, Jeff Thorpe, Livia Hardiman, Steven C. Mayar, Michael Berry, David I. Belcher, Stephen E. |
author_sort |
Hyder, Patrick |
title |
Critical Southern Ocean climate model biases traced to atmospheric model cloud errors |
title_short |
Critical Southern Ocean climate model biases traced to atmospheric model cloud errors |
title_full |
Critical Southern Ocean climate model biases traced to atmospheric model cloud errors |
title_fullStr |
Critical Southern Ocean climate model biases traced to atmospheric model cloud errors |
title_full_unstemmed |
Critical Southern Ocean climate model biases traced to atmospheric model cloud errors |
title_sort |
critical southern ocean climate model biases traced to atmospheric model cloud errors |
publisher |
Springer |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/520578/ https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/520578/7/s41467-018-06662-8.pdf https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/520578/8/s41467-018-05634-2.pdf http://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-05634-2 |
geographic |
Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Southern Ocean |
genre |
Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Southern Ocean |
op_relation |
https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/520578/7/s41467-018-06662-8.pdf https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/520578/8/s41467-018-05634-2.pdf Hyder, Patrick; Edwards, John M.; Allan, Richard P.; Hewitt, Helene T.; Bracegirdle, Thomas J. orcid:0000-0002-8868-4739 Gregory, Jonathan M.; Wood, Richard A.; Meijers, Andrew J.S. orcid:0000-0003-3876-7736 Mulcahy, Jane; Field, Paul; Furtado, Kalli; Bodas-Salcedo, Alejandro; Williams, Keith D.; Copsey, Dan; Josey, Simon A. orcid:0000-0002-1683-8831 Liu, Chunlei; Roberts, Chris D.; Sanchez, Claudio; Ridley, Jeff; Thorpe, Livia; Hardiman, Steven C.; Mayar, Michael; Berry, David I.; Belcher, Stephen E. 2018 Critical Southern Ocean climate model biases traced to atmospheric model cloud errors. Nature Communications, 9, 3625. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05634-2 <https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05634-2> |
op_rights |
cc_by_4 |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05634-2 |
container_title |
Nature Communications |
container_volume |
9 |
container_issue |
1 |
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1766204373142077440 |