The Weddell Gyre, Southern Ocean: present knowledge and future challenges
The Weddell Gyre (WG) is one of the main oceanographic features of the Southern Ocean south of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current which plays an influential role in global ocean circulation as well as gas exchange with the atmosphere. We review the state‐of‐the art knowledge concerning the WG from an...
Published in: | Reviews of Geophysics |
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Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
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American Geophysical Union
2019
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Online Access: | http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/519936/ https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/519936/1/Vernet%20et%20al%20%282019%29%20RevGeophys.pdf https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2018RG000604 |
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ftnerc:oai:nora.nerc.ac.uk:519936 2023-05-15T13:49:35+02:00 The Weddell Gyre, Southern Ocean: present knowledge and future challenges Vernet, M Geibert, W Hoppema, M Brown, Peter Haas, C Hellmer, HH Jokat, W Jullion, L Mazloff, M Bakker, DCE Brearley, Alexander Croot, P Hattermann, T Hauck, J Hillenbrand, Claus-Dieter Hoppe, CJM Huhn, O Koch, BP Lechtenfeld, OJ Meredith, Michael Naveira Garabato, AC Nöthig, EM Peeken, I Rutgers van der Loeff, MM Schmidtko, S Schröder, M Strass, VH Torres-Valdés, S Verdy, A 2019-09 text http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/519936/ https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/519936/1/Vernet%20et%20al%20%282019%29%20RevGeophys.pdf https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2018RG000604 en eng American Geophysical Union https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/519936/1/Vernet%20et%20al%20%282019%29%20RevGeophys.pdf Vernet, M; Geibert, W; Hoppema, M; Brown, Peter orcid:0000-0002-1152-1114 Haas, C; Hellmer, HH; Jokat, W; Jullion, L; Mazloff, M; Bakker, DCE; Brearley, Alexander orcid:0000-0003-3700-8017 Croot, P; Hattermann, T; Hauck, J; Hillenbrand, Claus-Dieter orcid:0000-0003-0240-7317 Hoppe, CJM; Huhn, O; Koch, BP; Lechtenfeld, OJ; Meredith, Michael orcid:0000-0002-7342-7756 Naveira Garabato, AC; Nöthig, EM; Peeken, I; Rutgers van der Loeff, MM; Schmidtko, S; Schröder, M; Strass, VH; Torres-Valdés, S; Verdy, A. 2019 The Weddell Gyre, Southern Ocean: present knowledge and future challenges. Reviews of Geophysics, 57 (3). 623-708. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018RG000604 <https://doi.org/10.1029/2018RG000604> cc_by_nc_nd_4 CC-BY-NC-ND Publication - Article PeerReviewed 2019 ftnerc https://doi.org/10.1029/2018RG000604 2023-02-04T19:46:28Z The Weddell Gyre (WG) is one of the main oceanographic features of the Southern Ocean south of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current which plays an influential role in global ocean circulation as well as gas exchange with the atmosphere. We review the state‐of‐the art knowledge concerning the WG from an interdisciplinary perspective, uncovering critical aspects needed to understand this system's role in shaping the future evolution of oceanic heat and carbon uptake over the next decades. The main limitations in our knowledge are related to the conditions in this extreme and remote environment, where the polar night, very low air temperatures and presence of sea ice year‐round hamper field and remotely sensed measurements. We highlight the importance of winter and under‐ice conditions in the southern WG, the role that new technology will play to overcome present‐day sampling limitations, the importance of the WG connectivity to the low‐latitude oceans and atmosphere, and the expected intensification of the WG circulation as the westerly winds intensify. Greater international cooperation is needed to define key sampling locations that can be visited by any research vessel in the region. Existing transects sampled since the 1980s along the Prime Meridian and along an East‐West section at ~62°S should be maintained with regularity to provide answers to the relevant questions. This approach will provide long‐term data to determine trends and will improve representation of processes for regional, Antarctic‐wide and global modeling efforts – thereby enhancing predictions of the WG in global ocean circulation and climate. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic polar night Sea ice Southern Ocean Natural Environment Research Council: NERC Open Research Archive Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic Weddell Reviews of Geophysics 57 3 623 708 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Natural Environment Research Council: NERC Open Research Archive |
op_collection_id |
ftnerc |
language |
English |
description |
The Weddell Gyre (WG) is one of the main oceanographic features of the Southern Ocean south of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current which plays an influential role in global ocean circulation as well as gas exchange with the atmosphere. We review the state‐of‐the art knowledge concerning the WG from an interdisciplinary perspective, uncovering critical aspects needed to understand this system's role in shaping the future evolution of oceanic heat and carbon uptake over the next decades. The main limitations in our knowledge are related to the conditions in this extreme and remote environment, where the polar night, very low air temperatures and presence of sea ice year‐round hamper field and remotely sensed measurements. We highlight the importance of winter and under‐ice conditions in the southern WG, the role that new technology will play to overcome present‐day sampling limitations, the importance of the WG connectivity to the low‐latitude oceans and atmosphere, and the expected intensification of the WG circulation as the westerly winds intensify. Greater international cooperation is needed to define key sampling locations that can be visited by any research vessel in the region. Existing transects sampled since the 1980s along the Prime Meridian and along an East‐West section at ~62°S should be maintained with regularity to provide answers to the relevant questions. This approach will provide long‐term data to determine trends and will improve representation of processes for regional, Antarctic‐wide and global modeling efforts – thereby enhancing predictions of the WG in global ocean circulation and climate. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Vernet, M Geibert, W Hoppema, M Brown, Peter Haas, C Hellmer, HH Jokat, W Jullion, L Mazloff, M Bakker, DCE Brearley, Alexander Croot, P Hattermann, T Hauck, J Hillenbrand, Claus-Dieter Hoppe, CJM Huhn, O Koch, BP Lechtenfeld, OJ Meredith, Michael Naveira Garabato, AC Nöthig, EM Peeken, I Rutgers van der Loeff, MM Schmidtko, S Schröder, M Strass, VH Torres-Valdés, S Verdy, A |
spellingShingle |
Vernet, M Geibert, W Hoppema, M Brown, Peter Haas, C Hellmer, HH Jokat, W Jullion, L Mazloff, M Bakker, DCE Brearley, Alexander Croot, P Hattermann, T Hauck, J Hillenbrand, Claus-Dieter Hoppe, CJM Huhn, O Koch, BP Lechtenfeld, OJ Meredith, Michael Naveira Garabato, AC Nöthig, EM Peeken, I Rutgers van der Loeff, MM Schmidtko, S Schröder, M Strass, VH Torres-Valdés, S Verdy, A The Weddell Gyre, Southern Ocean: present knowledge and future challenges |
author_facet |
Vernet, M Geibert, W Hoppema, M Brown, Peter Haas, C Hellmer, HH Jokat, W Jullion, L Mazloff, M Bakker, DCE Brearley, Alexander Croot, P Hattermann, T Hauck, J Hillenbrand, Claus-Dieter Hoppe, CJM Huhn, O Koch, BP Lechtenfeld, OJ Meredith, Michael Naveira Garabato, AC Nöthig, EM Peeken, I Rutgers van der Loeff, MM Schmidtko, S Schröder, M Strass, VH Torres-Valdés, S Verdy, A |
author_sort |
Vernet, M |
title |
The Weddell Gyre, Southern Ocean: present knowledge and future challenges |
title_short |
The Weddell Gyre, Southern Ocean: present knowledge and future challenges |
title_full |
The Weddell Gyre, Southern Ocean: present knowledge and future challenges |
title_fullStr |
The Weddell Gyre, Southern Ocean: present knowledge and future challenges |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Weddell Gyre, Southern Ocean: present knowledge and future challenges |
title_sort |
weddell gyre, southern ocean: present knowledge and future challenges |
publisher |
American Geophysical Union |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/519936/ https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/519936/1/Vernet%20et%20al%20%282019%29%20RevGeophys.pdf https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2018RG000604 |
geographic |
Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic Weddell |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic Weddell |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic polar night Sea ice Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic polar night Sea ice Southern Ocean |
op_relation |
https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/519936/1/Vernet%20et%20al%20%282019%29%20RevGeophys.pdf Vernet, M; Geibert, W; Hoppema, M; Brown, Peter orcid:0000-0002-1152-1114 Haas, C; Hellmer, HH; Jokat, W; Jullion, L; Mazloff, M; Bakker, DCE; Brearley, Alexander orcid:0000-0003-3700-8017 Croot, P; Hattermann, T; Hauck, J; Hillenbrand, Claus-Dieter orcid:0000-0003-0240-7317 Hoppe, CJM; Huhn, O; Koch, BP; Lechtenfeld, OJ; Meredith, Michael orcid:0000-0002-7342-7756 Naveira Garabato, AC; Nöthig, EM; Peeken, I; Rutgers van der Loeff, MM; Schmidtko, S; Schröder, M; Strass, VH; Torres-Valdés, S; Verdy, A. 2019 The Weddell Gyre, Southern Ocean: present knowledge and future challenges. Reviews of Geophysics, 57 (3). 623-708. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018RG000604 <https://doi.org/10.1029/2018RG000604> |
op_rights |
cc_by_nc_nd_4 |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY-NC-ND |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1029/2018RG000604 |
container_title |
Reviews of Geophysics |
container_volume |
57 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
623 |
op_container_end_page |
708 |
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