Real time detection of airborne fluorescent bioparticles in Antarctica

• Published in: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
• Main Authors: Crawford, I., Gallagher, Martin W., Bower, Keith N., Choularton, Thomas W., Flynn, Michael J., Ruske, Simon, Listowski, Constantino, Brough, Neil, Lachlan-Cope, Thomas, Fleming, Zoe L., Foot, Virginia E., Stanley, Warren R.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union 2017
• Subjects: Antarctic; Weddell Sea; Weddell; Brunt Ice Shelf; Antarc*; Antarctica; Ice Shelf
• Online Access: http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/517023/; https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/517023/1/Crawford.pdf; https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/17/14291/2017/acp-17-14291-2017-discussion.html

We demonstrate, for the first time, continuous real-time observations of airborne bio-fluorescent aerosols recorded at the British Antarctic Survey's Halley VI Research Station, located on the Brunt Ice Shelf close to the Weddell Sea coast (lat 75°34′59′′ S, long 26°10′0′′ W) during Antarctic summer, 2015. As part of the NERC MAC (Microphysics of Antarctic Clouds) aircraft aerosol cloud interaction project, observations with a real-time ultraviolet-light-induced fluorescence (UV-LIF) spectrometer were conducted to quantify airborne biological containing particle concentrations along with dust particles as a function of wind speed and direction over a 3-week period. Significant, intermittent enhancements of both non- and bio-fluorescent particles were observed to varying degrees in very specific wind directions and during strong wind events. Analysis of the particle UV-induced emission spectra, particle sizes and shapes recorded during these events suggest the majority of particles were likely a subset of dust with weak fluorescence emission responses. A minor fraction, however, were likely primary biological particles that were very strongly fluorescent, with a subset identified as likely being pollen based on comparison with laboratory data obtained using the same instrument. A strong correlation of bio-fluorescent particles with wind speed was observed in some, but not all, periods. Interestingly, the fraction of fluorescent particles to total particle concentration also increased significantly with wind speed during these events. The enhancement in concentrations of these particles could be interpreted as due to resuspension from the local ice surface but more likely due to emissions from distal sources within Antarctica as well as intercontinental transport. Likely distal sources identified by back trajectory analyses and dispersion modelling were the coastal ice margin zones in Halley Bay consisting of bird colonies with likely associated high bacterial activity together with contributions from exposed ice ...