U-Pb geochronology and global context of the Charnian Supergroup, UK: constraints on the age of key Ediacaran fossil assemblages

• Published in: Geological Society of America Bulletin
• Main Authors: Noble, Stephen R., Condon, Daniel J., Carney, John N., Wilby, Philip R., Pharaoh, Timothy C., Ford, Trevor D.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Geological Society of America 2015
• Subjects: White Sea; Newfoundland
• Online Access: http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/509394/; https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/509394/1/Noble%20et%20al%202015%20BGSA%20SOM%20%28Nora%29.pdf; https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/509394/2/Noble%20et%20al%202015%20BGSA%20%28Nora%29.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1130/B31013.1

U-Pb (zircon) ages for key stratigraphic volcanic horizons within the ∼3200-m-thick Ediacaran-age Charnian Supergroup provide an improved age model for the included Avalonian assemblage macrofossils and, hence, temporal constraints essential for intercomparisons of the Charnian fossils with other Ediacaran fossil assemblages globally. The Ives Head Formation (Blackbrook Group), the oldest exposed part of the volcaniclastic Charnian Supergroup of the late Neoproterozoic Avalonian volcanic arc system of southern Britain, contains a bedding plane with an impoverished assemblage of ivesheadiomorphs that is constrained to between ca. 611 Ma and 569.1 ± 0.9 Ma (total uncertainty). Higher-diversity biotas, including the holotypes of Charnia, Charniodiscus, and Bradgatia, occupy the upper part of the volcaniclastic succession (Maplewell Group) and are dated at 561.9 ± 0.9 Ma (total uncertainty) and younger by zircons interpreted as coeval with eruption and deposition of the Park Breccia, Bradgate Formation. An ashy volcanic-pebble conglomerate in the Hanging Rocks Formation at the very top of the supergroup yielded two U-Pb zircon populations: an older detrital one at ca. 604 Ma, and a younger population at ca. 557 Ma, which is interpreted as the approximate depositional age. The temporal association of the fossiliferous Charnian Supergroup with comparable fossiliferous deep-water successions in Newfoundland, and the probable temporal overlap of the youngest Charnwood macrofossils with those from different paleoenvironmental settings, such as the Ediacaran White Sea macrofossils, indicate a primary role for ecological sensitivity in determining the composition of these late Neoproterozoic communities.