Evolution of the Southern Annular Mode during the past millennium
The Southern Annular Mode (SAM) is the primary pattern of climate variability in the Southern Hemisphere1, 2, influencing latitudinal rainfall distribution and temperatures from the subtropics to Antarctica. The positive summer trend in the SAM over recent decades is widely attributed to stratospher...
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ftnerc:oai:nora.nerc.ac.uk:506587 2023-05-15T13:48:08+02:00 Evolution of the Southern Annular Mode during the past millennium Abram, Nerilie J. Mulvaney, Robert Vimeux, Francoise Phipps, Steven J. Turner, John England, Matthew H. 2014-07 text http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/506587/ https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/506587/1/Abram%20-%20Mulvaney%20Nature%20Climate%20Change%202014.pdf en eng https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/506587/1/Abram%20-%20Mulvaney%20Nature%20Climate%20Change%202014.pdf Abram, Nerilie J.; Mulvaney, Robert orcid:0000-0002-5372-8148 Vimeux, Francoise; Phipps, Steven J.; Turner, John orcid:0000-0002-6111-5122 England, Matthew H. 2014 Evolution of the Southern Annular Mode during the past millennium. Nature Climate Change, 4. 564-569. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2235 <https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2235> Publication - Article PeerReviewed 2014 ftnerc https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2235 2023-02-04T19:39:21Z The Southern Annular Mode (SAM) is the primary pattern of climate variability in the Southern Hemisphere1, 2, influencing latitudinal rainfall distribution and temperatures from the subtropics to Antarctica. The positive summer trend in the SAM over recent decades is widely attributed to stratospheric ozone depletion2; however, the brevity of observational records from Antarctica1—one of the core zones that defines SAM variability—limits our understanding of long-term SAM behaviour. Here we reconstruct annual mean changes in the SAM since AD 1000 using, for the first time, proxy records that encompass the full mid-latitude to polar domain across the Drake Passage sector. We find that the SAM has undergone a progressive shift towards its positive phase since the fifteenth century, causing cooling of the main Antarctic continent at the same time that the Antarctic Peninsula has warmed. The positive trend in the SAM since ~AD 1940 is reproduced by multimodel climate simulations forced with rising greenhouse gas levels and later ozone depletion, and the long-term average SAM index is now at its highest level for at least the past 1,000 years. Reconstructed SAM trends before the twentieth century are more prominent than those in radiative-forcing climate experiments and may be associated with a teleconnected response to tropical Pacific climate. Our findings imply that predictions of further greenhouse-driven increases in the SAM over the coming century3 also need to account for the possibility of opposing effects from tropical Pacific climate changes. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Antarctica Drake Passage Natural Environment Research Council: NERC Open Research Archive Antarctic The Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Drake Passage Pacific Nature Climate Change 4 7 564 569 |
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Open Polar |
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Natural Environment Research Council: NERC Open Research Archive |
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ftnerc |
language |
English |
description |
The Southern Annular Mode (SAM) is the primary pattern of climate variability in the Southern Hemisphere1, 2, influencing latitudinal rainfall distribution and temperatures from the subtropics to Antarctica. The positive summer trend in the SAM over recent decades is widely attributed to stratospheric ozone depletion2; however, the brevity of observational records from Antarctica1—one of the core zones that defines SAM variability—limits our understanding of long-term SAM behaviour. Here we reconstruct annual mean changes in the SAM since AD 1000 using, for the first time, proxy records that encompass the full mid-latitude to polar domain across the Drake Passage sector. We find that the SAM has undergone a progressive shift towards its positive phase since the fifteenth century, causing cooling of the main Antarctic continent at the same time that the Antarctic Peninsula has warmed. The positive trend in the SAM since ~AD 1940 is reproduced by multimodel climate simulations forced with rising greenhouse gas levels and later ozone depletion, and the long-term average SAM index is now at its highest level for at least the past 1,000 years. Reconstructed SAM trends before the twentieth century are more prominent than those in radiative-forcing climate experiments and may be associated with a teleconnected response to tropical Pacific climate. Our findings imply that predictions of further greenhouse-driven increases in the SAM over the coming century3 also need to account for the possibility of opposing effects from tropical Pacific climate changes. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Abram, Nerilie J. Mulvaney, Robert Vimeux, Francoise Phipps, Steven J. Turner, John England, Matthew H. |
spellingShingle |
Abram, Nerilie J. Mulvaney, Robert Vimeux, Francoise Phipps, Steven J. Turner, John England, Matthew H. Evolution of the Southern Annular Mode during the past millennium |
author_facet |
Abram, Nerilie J. Mulvaney, Robert Vimeux, Francoise Phipps, Steven J. Turner, John England, Matthew H. |
author_sort |
Abram, Nerilie J. |
title |
Evolution of the Southern Annular Mode during the past millennium |
title_short |
Evolution of the Southern Annular Mode during the past millennium |
title_full |
Evolution of the Southern Annular Mode during the past millennium |
title_fullStr |
Evolution of the Southern Annular Mode during the past millennium |
title_full_unstemmed |
Evolution of the Southern Annular Mode during the past millennium |
title_sort |
evolution of the southern annular mode during the past millennium |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/506587/ https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/506587/1/Abram%20-%20Mulvaney%20Nature%20Climate%20Change%202014.pdf |
geographic |
Antarctic The Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Drake Passage Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic The Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Drake Passage Pacific |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Antarctica Drake Passage |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Antarctica Drake Passage |
op_relation |
https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/506587/1/Abram%20-%20Mulvaney%20Nature%20Climate%20Change%202014.pdf Abram, Nerilie J.; Mulvaney, Robert orcid:0000-0002-5372-8148 Vimeux, Francoise; Phipps, Steven J.; Turner, John orcid:0000-0002-6111-5122 England, Matthew H. 2014 Evolution of the Southern Annular Mode during the past millennium. Nature Climate Change, 4. 564-569. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2235 <https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2235> |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2235 |
container_title |
Nature Climate Change |
container_volume |
4 |
container_issue |
7 |
container_start_page |
564 |
op_container_end_page |
569 |
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1766248751420145664 |